INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
COMMUNICATION: Introduction
Communication is an indispensable tool in all areas of human interaction. But it is a process that is complex. The extent of its complexity can be seen in the variety of ways in which it can be defined. Thus, communication is any behavior, verbal, nonverbal or graphic that is perceived by another. It involves a web of activities that differ in different situations. In the workplace, for example, you would probably communicate differently when talking formally to customers as compared to informally with a peer. How you perceive the situation will often determine your communication behavior.
FORMS AND TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
People communicate with each other in a variety of ways that depend on the message they want to send and the context in which it is to be sent. As a result there are a variety of forms and types of communication such as e-mail, face-to-face, telephone, meetings, corridor conversations and seminars. Dwyer categorizes these into
Three forms of communication - verbal, nonverbal and graphic
Four types of communication - intrapersonal, interpersonal, public and mass.
COMMUNICATION MODELS AND THEORIES
'Communication is a dynamic and interactive process'. Just as there are many definitions of communication, so there are many models of communication, each providing different views of how people transfer and interpret information. Like a jigsaw puzzle, each model provides a part of the picture, but no one model seems to cover all aspects.
BERLO'S MODEL
Berlo's focus remained on the transmission model of communication. However, he introduced more of the human elements, such as the relationship between the message channel and the five senses. Effective communication involves both the sender and the receiver. The sender must be as clear as possible and the receiver must signal understanding or clarification. It involves both content and relationship elements
Content = message, idea
relationship = emotions, power, status
personal Encoding and decoding are based on a person's perception of the world.
THE TRANSMISSION MODEL
The transmission model is concerned with the transfer of meaning from the sender to the receiver. Communication is a one way process.
THE PROCESS MODEL
The transmission model was subsequently adapted to form the process models in which people transmit, receive, interpret and respond to messages with feedback. The process models have seven main elements:
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Channel
Context or setting (environment)
Noise or interference
in the process models, a message is encoded by the sender through a communication channel, such as voice or body language, and then decoded by the receiver. The receiver then provides feedback. The process is influenced by the context of the situation and any noise or interference.
NOTES ON COMMUNICATION: Continued
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
Ineffective communication can lead to errors, misunderstanding, poor performance, lower motivation and morale, negative feelings in the workplace and many other issues that may detract from achieving organizational goals. It is, therefore, important to try to minimize barriers to effective and efficient communication: communication barriers distort or interrupt the message and its meaning
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Communication in an organization may be used to influence, inform, control or inspire. Organizational communication can be divided into two broad categories - formal or structured (within the 'systems' established by management) and informal (as when co-workers chat about company matters). Both areas are significant and both need to be 'healthy' for the organization to be healthy.
FORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS AND NETWORKS
Formal communication channels follow the organizational structure or hierarchy and flow in four directions:
These four directions in which communication can travel are: downward; upward; lateral or horizontal; and diagonal.
Downward (1) communication involves communication from higher to lower levels so that leadership can communicate goals, strategies or role expectations.
Upward (2) communication flows from lower levels to higher levels of the organization, for example, when there is a need to communicate problems, results or suggestions.
Horizontal (3) communication occurs across the same level and involves for example, coordination of activities with peers (teams, committees), dissemination of useful information from one department to another (for example sales forecasts from the sales department to production, and problems such as a problem with product design from the production department to research and development). Horizontal communication facilitates the linking of different areas of expertise and this may encourage innovation.
Diagonal (4) channels may potentially cause conflict as they involve communication between the lower level of one department to a higher level in another. In the diagram above, this may cause friction between the employee in accounting department C and the Vice-President (VP) of Accounting as the employee has gone around his or her own superior. Nevertheless this type of communication may be useful as it may simply be information relevant to the Marketing Department and the VP Accounting does not need to be involved.
Formal communication networks also occur within the hierarchy of the organization and reflect how groups of employees, for example those in a department, work together. Networking or mapping the flow of communication in an organization can be a useful device. This can identify who is communicating with whom and whether the lines of communication are effective and efficient, or whether there is potential for destructive conflict or tension arising from the communication channels (for example, inappropriate diagonal communication).
FORMAL COMMUNICAITON: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS.
Many communication problems arise from the structure of the organization. Dwyer mentions three related organizational factors: centralization; the creation of too many organizational layers; and the structure of the organization. Other factors may include downsizing which leads to ambiguous reporting structure and poor leadership. Many of these problems may be overcome by:
analyzing the organization structure and communication networks for barriers to effectiveness and efficiency ensuring downsizing is well planned and the 'survivors' (those left in the organization) understand the impact of the process on communication networks and procedures recruiting for competent communication, particularly when recruiting for leadership roles.
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
Informal organizational communication exists outside the formal lines of the organizational structure. An example of this is friendship groups. The informal communication channel serves two main purposes: it permits employees to satisfy their need for social interaction in the workplace and it can improve an organization’s performance by creating alternative, and frequently faster and more efficient, channels of communication (Robbins et al. 2000).
One of the most common forms of informal communication is 'the grapevine'. According to Kreitner and Kinicki (1995) the term grapevine originated from the American Civil War practice of stringing battlefield telegraph lines between trees as a means of efficient communication. Now it supplements the formal channels of communication.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
RESEARCH APTITUDE
RESEARCH APTITUDE
Types of Research - Definitions
Action research is a methodology that combines action and research to examine specific questions, issues or phenomena through observation and reflection, and deliberate intervention to improve practice.
Applied research is research undertaken to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge sake.
Basic research is experimental and theoretical work undertaken to acquire new knowledge without looking for long-term benefits other than the advancement of knowledge.
Qualitative research is research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviors of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies.
Quantitative research is research concerned with the measurement of attitudes, behaviors and perceptions and includes interviewing methods such as telephone, intercept and door-to-door interviews as well as self-completion methods such as mail outs and online surveys.
Three basic types of questions that research projects:
Descriptive. When a study is designed primarily to describe what is going on or what exists. Public opinion polls that seek only to describe the proportion of people who hold various opinions are primarily descriptive in nature. For instance, if we want to know what percent of the population would vote for a BJP or Congress in the next election, we are simply interested in describing something.
Relational. When a study is designed to look at the relationships between two or more variables. A public opinion poll that compares what proportion of males and females say they would vote for a BJP or Congress candidate in the next election is essentially studying the relationship between gender and voting preference.
Causal. When a study is designed to determine whether one or more variables (e.g., a program or treatment variable) causes or affects one or more outcome variables. If we did a public opinion poll to try to determine whether a recent political advertising campaign changed voter preferences, we would essentially be studying whether the campaign (cause) changed the proportion of voters who would vote BJP or Congress (effect).
Time is an important element of any research design. The most fundamental distinctions in research design nomenclature: cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies. A cross-sectional study is one that takes place at a single point in time. In effect, we are taking a 'slice' or cross-section of whatever it is we're observing or measuring. A longitudinal study is one that takes place over time -- we have at least two (and often more) waves of measurement in a longitudinal design.
A variable is any entity that can take on different values. Anything that can vary can be considered a variable. For instance, age can be considered a variable because age can take different values for different people or for the same person at different times. Similarly, country can be considered a variable because a person's country can be assigned a value.
There is a distinction between an independent and dependent variable. In fact the independent variable is what you (or nature) manipulates -- a treatment or program or cause. The dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable -- your effects or outcomes. For example, if you are studying the effects of a new educational program on student achievement, the program is the independent variable and your measures of achievement are the dependent ones.
A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study. Not all studies have hypotheses. Sometimes a study is designed to be exploratory.
RESEARCH APTITUDE
SAMPLING: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen. A response is a specific measurement value that a sampling unit supplies. If you measure the entire population and calculate a value like a mean or average, it is called parameter of the population. The distribution of an infinite number of samples of the same size as the sample in your study is known as the sampling distribution.
In sampling contexts, the standard error is called sampling error. Sampling error gives us some idea of the precision of our statistical estimate. A low sampling error means that we had relatively less variability or range in the sampling distribution. How do we calculate sampling error? on the standard deviation of our sample. The greater the sample standard deviation, the greater the standard error /the sampling error. The standard error is also related to the sample size. The greater your sample size, the smaller the standard error. Because the greater the sample size, the closer your sample is to the actual population itself. If you take a sample that consists of the entire population you actually have no sampling error because you don't have a sample, you have the entire population. In that case, the mean you estimate is the parameter.
Probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection such as picking a name out of a hat, or choosing the short straw.
The simplest form of random sampling is called simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is simple to accomplish and is easy to explain to others. Because simple random sampling is a fair way to select a sample, it is reasonable to generalize the results from the sample back to the population. Simple random sampling is not the most statistically efficient method of sampling and you may, just because of the luck of the draw, not get good representation of subgroups in a population.
Stratified Random Sampling, also sometimes called proportional or quota random sampling, involves dividing your population into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple random sample in each subgroup. It assures that you will be able to represent not only the overall population, but also key subgroups of the population, especially small minority groups. Second, stratified random sampling will generally have more statistical precision than simple random sampling. This will only be true if the strata or groups are homogeneous.
The problem with random sampling methods when we have to sample a population that's disbursed across a wide geographic region is that you will have to cover a lot of ground geographically in order to get to each of the units you sampled. It is for precisely this problem that cluster or area random sampling was invented. In cluster sampling, we follow these steps:
1.divide population into clusters (usually along geographic boundaries).
2. Randomly sample clusters.
3. Measure all units within sampled clusters.
Non-probability sampling. The difference between nonprobability and probability sampling is that nonprobability sampling does not involve random selection and probability sampling does. We can divide nonprobability sampling methods into two broad types: accidental or purposive. In accidental sampling, sample is chosen accidentally and we have no evidence that they are representative of the populations we're interested in generalizing to and in many cases we would clearly suspect that they are not. e.g. college students in some psychological survey. In purposive sampling, we sample with a purpose in mind. We usually would have one or more specific predefined groups we are seeking. For instance, have you ever run into people in a mall or on the street who are carrying a clipboard and who are stopping various people and asking if they could interview them? Most likely they are conducting a purposive sample. Purposive sampling can be very useful for situations where you need to reach a targeted sample quickly and where sampling for proportionality is not the primary concern. With a purposive sample, you are likely to get the opinions of your target population, but you are also likely to overweight subgroups in your population that are more readily accessible.
One of purposive sampling is quota sampling. In quota sampling, you select people nonrandomly according to some fixed quota. There are two types of quota sampling: proportional and non proportional. In proportional quota sampling you want to represent the major characteristics of the population by sampling a proportional amount of each. e.g. getting 40% females from a population of say 1000.
Then there is snowball sampling. In snowball sampling, you begin by identifying someone who meets the criteria for inclusion in your study. You then ask them to recommend others who they may know who also meet the criteria.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment work together to try to address the central research questions. Design can be either experimental or non-experimental.
Data analysis is the last part of the research. In most social research the data analysis involves three major steps, done in roughly this order:
Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data Preparation)
Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics)
Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential Statistics)
Data Preparation involves checking or logging the data in; checking the data for accuracy; entering the data into the computer; transforming the data; and developing and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures.
Descriptive Statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data. With descriptive statistics you are simply describing what is, what the data shows.
Inferential Statistics investigate questions, models and hypotheses. In many cases, the conclusions from inferential statistics extend beyond the immediate data alone. For instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population thinks. Or, we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by chance in this study. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
Types of Research - Definitions
Action research is a methodology that combines action and research to examine specific questions, issues or phenomena through observation and reflection, and deliberate intervention to improve practice.
Applied research is research undertaken to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge sake.
Basic research is experimental and theoretical work undertaken to acquire new knowledge without looking for long-term benefits other than the advancement of knowledge.
Qualitative research is research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviors of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies.
Quantitative research is research concerned with the measurement of attitudes, behaviors and perceptions and includes interviewing methods such as telephone, intercept and door-to-door interviews as well as self-completion methods such as mail outs and online surveys.
Three basic types of questions that research projects:
Descriptive. When a study is designed primarily to describe what is going on or what exists. Public opinion polls that seek only to describe the proportion of people who hold various opinions are primarily descriptive in nature. For instance, if we want to know what percent of the population would vote for a BJP or Congress in the next election, we are simply interested in describing something.
Relational. When a study is designed to look at the relationships between two or more variables. A public opinion poll that compares what proportion of males and females say they would vote for a BJP or Congress candidate in the next election is essentially studying the relationship between gender and voting preference.
Causal. When a study is designed to determine whether one or more variables (e.g., a program or treatment variable) causes or affects one or more outcome variables. If we did a public opinion poll to try to determine whether a recent political advertising campaign changed voter preferences, we would essentially be studying whether the campaign (cause) changed the proportion of voters who would vote BJP or Congress (effect).
Time is an important element of any research design. The most fundamental distinctions in research design nomenclature: cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies. A cross-sectional study is one that takes place at a single point in time. In effect, we are taking a 'slice' or cross-section of whatever it is we're observing or measuring. A longitudinal study is one that takes place over time -- we have at least two (and often more) waves of measurement in a longitudinal design.
A variable is any entity that can take on different values. Anything that can vary can be considered a variable. For instance, age can be considered a variable because age can take different values for different people or for the same person at different times. Similarly, country can be considered a variable because a person's country can be assigned a value.
There is a distinction between an independent and dependent variable. In fact the independent variable is what you (or nature) manipulates -- a treatment or program or cause. The dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable -- your effects or outcomes. For example, if you are studying the effects of a new educational program on student achievement, the program is the independent variable and your measures of achievement are the dependent ones.
A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study. Not all studies have hypotheses. Sometimes a study is designed to be exploratory.
RESEARCH APTITUDE
SAMPLING: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen. A response is a specific measurement value that a sampling unit supplies. If you measure the entire population and calculate a value like a mean or average, it is called parameter of the population. The distribution of an infinite number of samples of the same size as the sample in your study is known as the sampling distribution.
In sampling contexts, the standard error is called sampling error. Sampling error gives us some idea of the precision of our statistical estimate. A low sampling error means that we had relatively less variability or range in the sampling distribution. How do we calculate sampling error? on the standard deviation of our sample. The greater the sample standard deviation, the greater the standard error /the sampling error. The standard error is also related to the sample size. The greater your sample size, the smaller the standard error. Because the greater the sample size, the closer your sample is to the actual population itself. If you take a sample that consists of the entire population you actually have no sampling error because you don't have a sample, you have the entire population. In that case, the mean you estimate is the parameter.
Probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection such as picking a name out of a hat, or choosing the short straw.
The simplest form of random sampling is called simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is simple to accomplish and is easy to explain to others. Because simple random sampling is a fair way to select a sample, it is reasonable to generalize the results from the sample back to the population. Simple random sampling is not the most statistically efficient method of sampling and you may, just because of the luck of the draw, not get good representation of subgroups in a population.
Stratified Random Sampling, also sometimes called proportional or quota random sampling, involves dividing your population into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple random sample in each subgroup. It assures that you will be able to represent not only the overall population, but also key subgroups of the population, especially small minority groups. Second, stratified random sampling will generally have more statistical precision than simple random sampling. This will only be true if the strata or groups are homogeneous.
The problem with random sampling methods when we have to sample a population that's disbursed across a wide geographic region is that you will have to cover a lot of ground geographically in order to get to each of the units you sampled. It is for precisely this problem that cluster or area random sampling was invented. In cluster sampling, we follow these steps:
1.divide population into clusters (usually along geographic boundaries).
2. Randomly sample clusters.
3. Measure all units within sampled clusters.
Non-probability sampling. The difference between nonprobability and probability sampling is that nonprobability sampling does not involve random selection and probability sampling does. We can divide nonprobability sampling methods into two broad types: accidental or purposive. In accidental sampling, sample is chosen accidentally and we have no evidence that they are representative of the populations we're interested in generalizing to and in many cases we would clearly suspect that they are not. e.g. college students in some psychological survey. In purposive sampling, we sample with a purpose in mind. We usually would have one or more specific predefined groups we are seeking. For instance, have you ever run into people in a mall or on the street who are carrying a clipboard and who are stopping various people and asking if they could interview them? Most likely they are conducting a purposive sample. Purposive sampling can be very useful for situations where you need to reach a targeted sample quickly and where sampling for proportionality is not the primary concern. With a purposive sample, you are likely to get the opinions of your target population, but you are also likely to overweight subgroups in your population that are more readily accessible.
One of purposive sampling is quota sampling. In quota sampling, you select people nonrandomly according to some fixed quota. There are two types of quota sampling: proportional and non proportional. In proportional quota sampling you want to represent the major characteristics of the population by sampling a proportional amount of each. e.g. getting 40% females from a population of say 1000.
Then there is snowball sampling. In snowball sampling, you begin by identifying someone who meets the criteria for inclusion in your study. You then ask them to recommend others who they may know who also meet the criteria.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment work together to try to address the central research questions. Design can be either experimental or non-experimental.
Data analysis is the last part of the research. In most social research the data analysis involves three major steps, done in roughly this order:
Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data Preparation)
Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics)
Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential Statistics)
Data Preparation involves checking or logging the data in; checking the data for accuracy; entering the data into the computer; transforming the data; and developing and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures.
Descriptive Statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data. With descriptive statistics you are simply describing what is, what the data shows.
Inferential Statistics investigate questions, models and hypotheses. In many cases, the conclusions from inferential statistics extend beyond the immediate data alone. For instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population thinks. Or, we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by chance in this study. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
TEACHING POTENTIAL
TEACHING POTENTIAL
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti was registered as a society on –15 August 1950
• Who was the Chairman of the first Indian Education Commission –Sir John Hunter
• Who organizes the National Talent Search Competitive Test –N.C.E.R.T.
• When was Central Advisory Board of Education set up –1956
• Navodaya Vidyalayas have been set up –In Rural Areas
• The programme Gyan Vani is broadcasted by –AIR
• When was N.C.E.R.T. Established –2nd Oct. 1971
• In 1936-37 who submitted the report on technical Education –Abbot
• Who conducts the admission test for Novdaya Vidyalayas –N.C.E.R.T.
• Who was the chairperson of Wardha Scheme –Zakir Hussain
• National law school of India is situated at –Bangalor
• A.I.C.T.E. stands for –All India Council of Technical Education
• In which year University Grants Commission Act was passed –1956 A.D.
• The central Institude of Indian Languages is located at –Mysore
• Which Organization was established during Bengal Partition –National Council of Education
• Which was the first University to be opened in Britishers time ? –Calcutta University
• To whom did Lord Macaulay present the famous Macaulay’s minute ? –Lord Bentinck
• In which year C.B.S.E. set up open school ? –1985
• What was the other name for hunter commission –Indian Education Commission
• What amount was sanctioned by Charter Act of 1813 to be spent on education ? –One Lakh
• Reshtriya Sanskrit Sansthan has its head quarters at –New Delhi
• Which is the first open University of India ? –Indira Gandhi open University New Delhi
• What is the Minimum qualification requird to appear in any examination of the Open University ? –No Minimum qulification
• Regional College of Education for the Northern region is located at –Ajmer
• Where is situated the Regional College of Education for the eastem region ? –Bhuvaneshwar
• Where is Regional College of Education for Western region ? –Ujjain
• Regional College of Education for the Southern region is at –Mysore
• The Regional Colleges of Education were set up by the N.C.E.R.T. with the co-operation of –Planning Commission of India
• Generally the medium of instruction in Public School is –English
• The famous Doon Public School is located at –Dehra Dun
• The famous Doon Public School Bishop Cotton is situated at –Shimla
• The famous Lawrence Public School is at –Sanawar
• The famous Shivaji Public School is at –Pune
• The famous Air Force Central School is situated at –Delhi Cantt
• Tamil Nadu has a Sainik School at –Amrauathinagar
• The Sainik School in Orissa is at –Bhuvaneshwar
• The Sainik School in Karnataka is at –Bijapur
• Gandhi had which Educational Degree ? –Law
• Gandhi got his law Degree from –England
• Where did Gandhi as a teacher ? –South Africa
• Who said “A cowardly teacher cannot make his students valiant ? –M.K. Gandhi
• Effective teaching is a function of -Teacher’s methodology
• What should be the attitude of the teacher towards school authorities ? –Cordial
• The attitude of teacher towards new idea should be –Receptive
• Teachers should be made accountable for –Teaching
• An excellent teacher must be –Good guide
• As a teacher, you are never supposed to be angry –I am a human and can also be angry
• What is your Prime duty as a teacher ? –To help the student in understanding Physical and Social Environment
• What is the best Quality of the teacher ? –good human subject being
• The enthusiastic teachers generally ? –involve the students in learning–teaching process
• A teacher has better chances of succeeding if ? –he is properly trained for the profession
• Does the teachers enjoy the freedom to make their syllabus flexible ? –False
• A good teacher can overcome the defects of ? –System
• A quality teacher always reaches the school ? –Before the morning assembly is over
• Why you want to make teaching as a career ? –it make you eligible for the profession in ten months
• Generally a good number of students do not like to go to the class rooms because- the curriculum is dull
• What is attitude –feeling
• A good teacher priority in school is his –students
• People’s attitude towards teaching is becoming positive because – perceiving teaching as a profession
• Who can be creative teacher- develop thinking ability among the students
• Among the students faith in the human values can be generated through – Moral Education
• If as teacher you give too much liberty to students what will be result – indiscipline in the class room
• If some one does not agree with you what will you do – polite explain your view point to him
• As a teacher what means of recreation will you like to prefer – literary magazines and news papers
• A teacher always learns and he learns from – Students
• What enhances the status and respect of a teacher – community service
• Why a teacher fails in maintaining discipline in the class – because he lacks consistency in his approach to discipline
• What type behavior is expected from a teacher in the class room – calm, dignified and composed
• Why a teacher should be lover of sports – it encourages the students to take part in sports
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti was registered as a society on –15 August 1950
• Who was the Chairman of the first Indian Education Commission –Sir John Hunter
• Who organizes the National Talent Search Competitive Test –N.C.E.R.T.
• When was Central Advisory Board of Education set up –1956
• Navodaya Vidyalayas have been set up –In Rural Areas
• The programme Gyan Vani is broadcasted by –AIR
• When was N.C.E.R.T. Established –2nd Oct. 1971
• In 1936-37 who submitted the report on technical Education –Abbot
• Who conducts the admission test for Novdaya Vidyalayas –N.C.E.R.T.
• Who was the chairperson of Wardha Scheme –Zakir Hussain
• National law school of India is situated at –Bangalor
• A.I.C.T.E. stands for –All India Council of Technical Education
• In which year University Grants Commission Act was passed –1956 A.D.
• The central Institude of Indian Languages is located at –Mysore
• Which Organization was established during Bengal Partition –National Council of Education
• Which was the first University to be opened in Britishers time ? –Calcutta University
• To whom did Lord Macaulay present the famous Macaulay’s minute ? –Lord Bentinck
• In which year C.B.S.E. set up open school ? –1985
• What was the other name for hunter commission –Indian Education Commission
• What amount was sanctioned by Charter Act of 1813 to be spent on education ? –One Lakh
• Reshtriya Sanskrit Sansthan has its head quarters at –New Delhi
• Which is the first open University of India ? –Indira Gandhi open University New Delhi
• What is the Minimum qualification requird to appear in any examination of the Open University ? –No Minimum qulification
• Regional College of Education for the Northern region is located at –Ajmer
• Where is situated the Regional College of Education for the eastem region ? –Bhuvaneshwar
• Where is Regional College of Education for Western region ? –Ujjain
• Regional College of Education for the Southern region is at –Mysore
• The Regional Colleges of Education were set up by the N.C.E.R.T. with the co-operation of –Planning Commission of India
• Generally the medium of instruction in Public School is –English
• The famous Doon Public School is located at –Dehra Dun
• The famous Doon Public School Bishop Cotton is situated at –Shimla
• The famous Lawrence Public School is at –Sanawar
• The famous Shivaji Public School is at –Pune
• The famous Air Force Central School is situated at –Delhi Cantt
• Tamil Nadu has a Sainik School at –Amrauathinagar
• The Sainik School in Orissa is at –Bhuvaneshwar
• The Sainik School in Karnataka is at –Bijapur
• Gandhi had which Educational Degree ? –Law
• Gandhi got his law Degree from –England
• Where did Gandhi as a teacher ? –South Africa
• Who said “A cowardly teacher cannot make his students valiant ? –M.K. Gandhi
• Effective teaching is a function of -Teacher’s methodology
• What should be the attitude of the teacher towards school authorities ? –Cordial
• The attitude of teacher towards new idea should be –Receptive
• Teachers should be made accountable for –Teaching
• An excellent teacher must be –Good guide
• As a teacher, you are never supposed to be angry –I am a human and can also be angry
• What is your Prime duty as a teacher ? –To help the student in understanding Physical and Social Environment
• What is the best Quality of the teacher ? –good human subject being
• The enthusiastic teachers generally ? –involve the students in learning–teaching process
• A teacher has better chances of succeeding if ? –he is properly trained for the profession
• Does the teachers enjoy the freedom to make their syllabus flexible ? –False
• A good teacher can overcome the defects of ? –System
• A quality teacher always reaches the school ? –Before the morning assembly is over
• Why you want to make teaching as a career ? –it make you eligible for the profession in ten months
• Generally a good number of students do not like to go to the class rooms because- the curriculum is dull
• What is attitude –feeling
• A good teacher priority in school is his –students
• People’s attitude towards teaching is becoming positive because – perceiving teaching as a profession
• Who can be creative teacher- develop thinking ability among the students
• Among the students faith in the human values can be generated through – Moral Education
• If as teacher you give too much liberty to students what will be result – indiscipline in the class room
• If some one does not agree with you what will you do – polite explain your view point to him
• As a teacher what means of recreation will you like to prefer – literary magazines and news papers
• A teacher always learns and he learns from – Students
• What enhances the status and respect of a teacher – community service
• Why a teacher fails in maintaining discipline in the class – because he lacks consistency in his approach to discipline
• What type behavior is expected from a teacher in the class room – calm, dignified and composed
• Why a teacher should be lover of sports – it encourages the students to take part in sports
Thursday, August 20, 2009
Tuesday, August 18, 2009
News
Hindi News
1.Jagran News
2.Danik Bhaskar
English News
1.Times of india
2.Hindustan Times
Career News
1.Sarkari Naukri
2.Employ. News
3.Fresherwold
Other News
1.Jagran News
2.Danik Bhaskar
English News
1.Times of india
2.Hindustan Times
Career News
1.Sarkari Naukri
2.Employ. News
3.Fresherwold
Other News
Monday, August 17, 2009
StudyMaterial
1.Computer Science
2.Boook on Speak Fluent,corporate English and others
3.Important Links
4.Link for PGT,TGT and Others Syllabus(Navoday and Kvs)
http://www.kvsangathan.nic.in/recruitment.htm
1http://www.techpreparation.com/computer-interview-questions/
2http://placementpapers.net/helpingroot/Database/Databases-Most-Important-Questions-2
http://www.geekinterview.com/
5.for many type of mathematical calculation
http://www.easycalculation.com/
6.to train your brain logical games
http://www.lumosity.com/
2.Boook on Speak Fluent,corporate English and others
3.Important Links
4.Link for PGT,TGT and Others Syllabus(Navoday and Kvs)
http://www.kvsangathan.nic.in/recruitment.htm
1http://www.techpreparation.com/computer-interview-questions/
2http://placementpapers.net/helpingroot/Database/Databases-Most-Important-Questions-2
http://www.geekinterview.com/
5.for many type of mathematical calculation
http://www.easycalculation.com/
6.to train your brain logical games
http://www.lumosity.com/
Contacts
Balwan Bana(Owner)
Mob:09911539331
Mob:09911539331
e-mail:bs_bana@yahoo.com
Balraj Bana
Mob:-09891570802
e-mail:balraj_sirsa@yahoo.com
Balraj Bana
Mob:-09891570802
e-mail:balraj_sirsa@yahoo.com
Wednesday, June 10, 2009
Ph.D. Links
Interesting links
Robert T Azuma's, “So Long and Thanks for ThePh.D.”,http://www.cs.unc.edu/azuma/hitch4.htmlRichard Hamming, “You and Your Research”,http://www.cs.virginia.edu/robins/YouAndYourResearch.htmlPankaj Jalote, “Essays on Ph.D. and Research”,http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/jalote/article_on_IT.html?#PhDPaul Graham, “Essays on Startups”,http://www.paulgraham.com/articles.html
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SlideSlide 1212http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/anuphttp://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/anupCSE Seminar SeriesCSE Seminar SeriesQuestions?
Robert T Azuma's, “So Long and Thanks for ThePh.D.”,http://www.cs.unc.edu/azuma/hitch4.htmlRichard Hamming, “You and Your Research”,http://www.cs.virginia.edu/robins/YouAndYourResearch.htmlPankaj Jalote, “Essays on Ph.D. and Research”,http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/jalote/article_on_IT.html?#PhDPaul Graham, “Essays on Startups”,http://www.paulgraham.com/articles.html
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SlideSlide 1212http://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/anuphttp://www.cse.iitd.ac.in/anupCSE Seminar SeriesCSE Seminar SeriesQuestions?
Tuesday, June 9, 2009
for O.S. Book of Galvin
for O.S. Book of Galvin
http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=resource&bcsId=1743&itemId=0471250600&resourceId=2437&chapterId=8007
http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Books?action=resource&bcsId=1743&itemId=0471250600&resourceId=2437&chapterId=8007
Computer science ebook link
computer network by tenanbom
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Pd-z64SJRBAC&dq=free+ppt+on+computer+networks+tanenbaum&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=chsuSrqTBsGOkAX1y6CSCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11#PPA18,M1
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Pd-z64SJRBAC&dq=free+ppt+on+computer+networks+tanenbaum&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=chsuSrqTBsGOkAX1y6CSCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11#PPA18,M1
Monday, June 8, 2009
Net Paper 1st study metarial(O+S)
1.The study of bones is called ostelogy
-Total no of bones 206
-Smallest bone-Stapes(ear boe)
-Longest bone-Femus(Thigh bone)
-Strongest bone-Tibia(leg bone)
-Total no of muscles-639
-Largest grand-liver
-Longest gland-thyroid
-Longest nerve-Sciatic
-Hardest bone-Tooth enamal
-Tolal amount of blood in the body is (1/15 of body weight)
-Normal body Temperature-98.6F(37C)
2.Govt.of India banned the student Islamic movement of India (SIMI)because it had linked with Osama Bin Laden’s a1-Qaeda Group
3.The Salary of member of parliament and higher perks is ehanced from Rs.4000 to 12,000 per month and constituency allowance from Rs.8000 to 10,000 per month and daily allowance of Rs.400 to Rs. 500 for a period of five year
4.Competition bill to replace MRTPC (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practice Act.)
5.Supreme court ruled on August 2,2001 that a public servant convicted in corruption case should not hold office till he was cleared of the charges by a superior court
6.Number of amendments in constitution is 8 till now
7.The terrorist out fit that brought the WTC and destroyed part of Pantagon in Washington is A1-Queda.the network association with Osama Bin Laden
8. ISI-Inter Service Intelligence
9.Durent line boundary between India and Afghanistan
11.Mc Mohan Line:-boundary between India and china
12.Redcliff Line:- boundary between India and Pakistan
13.Palk Strait:- boundary between India and Sri Lanka
14.Prithvi:-Surface to surface missile.It has a range 250km
15.Agni:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range1500-2000km
16.Akash:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range of 25km
17 Nag: It is an anti tank missile having range of 4km
18.Bank rate is the rate at which the reserve Bank of India gives credit to commercial Banks
19.Amicus Curiae-Lawyer appointment by the court to represent a poor person.it means friend of court
20.C.R.R- Cash Reserve Ratio
21.Medico Legal case-Accidental Case
22.The most important influence of the moon on the earth is the effect on ocean tides
23.Ranthambore:- Ranthambore National park in Rajasthan(410 sq.km)was ones the private tiger reserve of the Maharaja of Jaipur
24.Ghana Bird Sanctuary-Bharatpur Rajasthan
25.Standerd Deduction in income tax-30,000/-
26.Maximum income not liable to tax-50,000/-
27.American’s Robinson Walton(Bill gates)is the richest person in the world
28.Bio terrorism:-It refer to the use of disease causing micro oganism as terroist weapons to cause devastating ipack on the people.for example.Anthrax
29.Public University founded in 1982 at Lahore.After partition in was re-established in India on 1st of October 1947.the University moved to Chandigarh in 1956,vice chancellor of Punjab university is –K.N.Pathak
30.Kapil Dev has been chosen the wisdom Indian cricketer of the century.
31.Akshardham Temple is in Gandhi Nagar (Gujrat
35 people were killed by terrorist )
32.Metro rail Delhi 24 Dec,2002(Shahdra to is Hagari –8.3km)
33.CAG- V.N.Kaul
34.Chairman of SBI-A.K.Purwar
35.Guru Nanak born in Talwandi now called ‘Nankana Sahib’ in 1469 .He died in 1539.Guru was founder of Sikhism
36. Guru Angad Dev- introduced langer system
37. Guru Amar Das- social reformer and discarded sati pratha
38. Guru Ram Das- founded city of Amritsar
40. Guru Arjun Deb- Built GoldenTemple and compiled Aadi Granph or Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjun Deb compled Granth Sahib in 1604 with the of bhai Gurdas Bhalla ji. Guru Arjun Dev was executed by Jahangir on the advice of Chandu Singh. Guru Arjun Dev got the foundation of Harmandir Sahib laid down by a Muslim Faqir main mir.
41.Guru hargobind singh – stared the system of
Akal takht and miri,piri
42.Guru Har Rai
43.Guru Harkishan
44.Guru Teg Bahadur-Guru Teg Bahadur executed by Aurangzeb
45. Guru Gobind Singh –Founder of Khalsa 13th April,1699,Baisakhi, Khalsa means military
brotherhood Zafarnama :- This is Letter written by
Guru Gobind Singh to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
This letter was written because Aurangzeb was committed many atrocities on people.Guru Gobind Singh asked Aurangzeb to give up the policy at Anandpur Sahib on the 1st Baisakh 13th April,1699 A..D
46.Dasam Granth was compiled by a devoted sikh mani singh after passing away Of Guru Gobind Singh .
47.Guru Ki kashi-Takhat Damdma Sahib. It is famous Gurudwara, Which is situated at Talwandi Sabo. It is called Guru Ki Kashi
48.Guru Ki Wadali – it is Birth place of Guru Hargobind Ji . it is famous Gurudwara of Punjab
49.Banda Bahadur- Was born on 27th October, 1670. His real name was Lachaman Das. Once,
during hunting an arrow of Banda Bahadur stuck a pregnant she deer; Banda Bahadur was greatly pained to see the tragic death of the deer and its two kids. He renounced the world and become a Bairagi. Banda Bahadur adopted the name Madho Das after becoming a Bairagi. Madho Das (Banda Bahadur) met Guru Sahib. He said “I am your Banda (Servant)”. Thus Madho Das become Banda. Guru Gobind Sahib called him Banda the brave. Thus acquired the name Banda Bahadur
50. Sharomani Gurdawara Prabandhak Committee was established on 15th Nov. 1990, at Akal Takhat Amritsar.
51.Aklis launched a non-movement in 1921 with the aim of –Librating Sikh Guru Gurudwara from Mahants.
Important Facts to Know: General Studies
Literature:
52.Creator of Asa-di-war,Japuji sahib-Guru Nanak Dev ji.
53.Creator of Bachittar Natak- Guru Gobind Singh
54.Creator of Jab Sahibh- Guru Gobind Singh
55.Creator of Anand Sahib- Guru Amar Das ji
56.Creator of Sukhmani Sahib –Guru Arjan Dev ji
57. Compiler of Guru Granth Sahib – Guru Arjan Dev ji
58.Writer of Adhi Granth at the time of its compilation of – Bahi Gurdas Bhalla ji
59.Creator of Bani written in Dasam Granth-Guru Gobind singh ji
60.Most famous writer of Qisa Puran Bhagat –Fazal Shah.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Administration:-
61.Date of Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Nov.2,1780.
62.Name of the parents of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Father name:-Maha singh ,Mother name :-Raj Kaur
63.Time of treaty of Amritsar between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and British –25th April,1809
64.Name of the Foreign minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Faqir Azizudeen
65.Head of Finance minister at the the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Deewan Kaura Mal
66.Most famous prime minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Dhian Singh Dogra
67.Meaning of Kankut system started by Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Tax on standing crop in the field
68.’Nazim Adalat’ at the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh state level- Court
69.Capital city of maharaja Ranjit Singh- Lahore
70.First war between Sikh and British – 1845 A.D.
71.Second Anglo Sikh War-1848-1849 A.D.
72. Ranjit Singh (Thein) Dam has been constructed on the river- Ravi
73.Which Dam is built on Beas near Talwara- Pong Dam.
74. Dam built on the river Satluj- Bhakrha Dam
75.The Dusi dam has been constructed on the river Beas
76.The old name of the Amritser –Ramdas nagar
77.Which Guru got constructor Akal Takhat –GuruHargobind Sahib
78The real Granth Sahib has been placed at –Kartarpur
79.Guru Nanak Dav Ji was enlightenment at- Sultan Pur
80.Which Guru built Buraj Baba Atal- Guru Hargobind Sahib
81. The old name Punjab- Sapat Sindhu
82.The Gurudwara situated at present where foundation of Khalsa Panth was laid –Gurudwara Kesgarh Sahib.
83.The other name of Harmandir Sahib is-Darbar Sahib.
84.The Guru;who founded Anandpur Sahib was –Guru Teg Bahadur
85.Bhagat Singh was hanged on-23rd March, 1931
86.Number of district in Punjab-17, Lok Sabha seats-13
87. Highest Gallantry Award-Param Vir Chakra
88.NOBLE PRIZES;-The Honors of Wining the Noble Prizes go to the Following 7 Indians
(i)Rabinder Nath Tagore win the noble prizes from literature in 1913.
(ii)C.V. Raman win the noble prizes from physics in 1930.
(iii)Hargobind Khurana win the noble prizes from medicine in 1968.
(iv)Mother Teresa win the noble price from peace in 1979.
(vi) S. chandrashekher win the noble prize from physics in 1986.
(vii) Prof. Amaritya Sen win the noble prizes from Economics in 1998.
(viii) V.S.Naipal win the noble prizes from Literature in 2001.
90.Highest Gallantry Award- ParamVir Chakra
91.Highest Civilian Award- Bharat Ratana
92.First Olympic Game held at Athens in 1896
93.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sardar Patel
94.2nd deputy Prime Minister of India-Morarzi Desai
95. 3hd Deputy Prime Minister of India – Choudhari Charan Singh
96. 5th Deputy Prime Minister of India – Y.V.Chauan.
97.6th Deputy Prime Minister of India –Dev Lal
98. 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India- Lal Krishan Advani
99. AIDS:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
100.HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
101.AIDS:Is caused by Virus Aids is due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus
102.Classical Dances of India
-Manipur of Manipur
-Oddisi of Orissa
-Katha-Kali of Kerala
-Kuchi-Pudi of Andhra Pradesh
-Bharat Natyam of Tamil Nadu
-Kathak of Utter Pradesh
-Bihu of Assam
103.Legal Service Clinic:-A Legal Service Clinic open 24 hours on all days, has been established in Ahemdabad to provide free service of retired high court judge and reputed lawyear.
105.The State of Haryana-:Came into begin on , Nov.1,1966 as result of the re- organizations
of the old Punjab state into two separate seats.It consist of the Hind speaking area of Punjab,secong language status has been given to Punjab(1996)
106.Book and Author:-
-Life Diving
-Ain-I-Akbari -Aourbinbo Ghosh
-Panchtantra -Abdul Fazal
-Mahabharta -Vishnu Sharma
-India wins Freedom -Ved Vyas
-Discovery of India -Maulana Abdul Kalam
-My Experiment with Truth -Gandhi
-Madhushala -Harivansh Rai Bachan
-Prisoner’s Scorapbook -L.K.Advani
107.Sports:-
-Agha Khan Cup -Hockey
-Durant Cup -Football(India)
-Duleep/renjit Trophyre -Cricket
-Santosh Trophy -National Football
-Thomas Cup -World Bedminton(Men)
-Davis Cup -Lawn Tennis
108.Buddhism:Buddhism was founded by Gautam
Buddha. His Original name was Gautam Siddhartha , A Kashatriya, Boran in 563 B.C at Lumbini in Nepal . He attended enlightenment at Bodhgaya under papal tree.Budha died at the age of 80 years in 483 B.C at Kushinagar (District Utter Pradesh).He gave 8 fold paths to control the desire.1st sermon was delivered by him at Srnarth at Banaras .The Language used by Buddhist people was pali.
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Important facts to Know for General Studies
109.Red cross was founded by-J.H. Durant , Established in 1864 World red Cross day iscelebrated on May 8,The Birthday its founder J.H. Durant.
110.Sir Robert S.S Baden Powell is the founder of scouting
111.Who gave the call go back to Vedas-Dayanand
112.The construction of Qutab Minar was begun by Quatab-ud-din Aibak but it was complateed by lltutumish.
113.Who built the Sanchi Stupa- Agratala.
114.Who founded slave dynasty in 1206 A.D.- Quatab-ud-din Aibak.
115.The Capital of Tripura is Agratala.
116. The Capital of Mizoram is aizawl.
117. The Capital of Australia is –Canberra.
118.Spring tides occurs on- Full moon day as well on new moon day.
119.Tides in the oceans are caused by-Attraction of the moon.
201.Buddhism place of worship is-Pongda.
121.Jews place of worship is-Synagogue.
122.Holish book of Jews-Talmud.
123.Malguddi days written by –R.K. Naraynan
124.Das capital-Karl Marx
125.The father of Economics- Adam smith.
126.The Chipko Movement was associated with-preventing felling of trees.
127.Pashmina is a breed of -Sheep.
128.What is the meaning of Buddha –An enlightened one.
129.Which is the holy book of Parsis- Jorah
130.Parliament of U.S.A is known as- Congress
131. Parliament of Afghanistan- Shoora
132. Parliament of Russia-Duma.
133. Parliament of Japan –Diet.
134.SARS:-It Stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS is caused by viruses from the corona and paramyxo virus family.
136.LCA(Light Combat Aircraft)is named as “Tejas”
137. Lakshva is Pilot Less target Aircraft
138.Kalpna Chawla: She was an Indian born American Astronaut. She died with other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle crash on feb.1,2003. She embarked on her second Voyage in the United State space shuttle Columbia on Jan 16,earlier.She was an Indian born American Astronaut.She died with other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle Columbia on jan 16,earlier.She
was one of the six astronaut crew that flew the Columbia Flight STS-87in nov.1997 Chawla who had her schooling in Karnal (Haryana)and college education in Punjab did her Masters in Aerospase Engineering from the university of Taxes in in 1984 and Doctorate from Colorado University two year later. An avid flier, she held certified flight instructor’s license with Airplane and Gladder ratings, commercial Pilot L icense for single and multi-engine land and seaplanes
139.Jan. 9,the day Mahatma Gandhi return from South Agrica in 1915-was chosen to celebrate the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
140.The five day 90th session of the Lndian science congress conclude in Bangalore on Jan.7,2003.The focal theme of the congress was Vision for the global Space community.
141.Sriska and Ranthambore are the reserve for lion.
142.International Criminal court was launched formally in the mid march in the Hauge . The first eighteen judges took Oath in the grand ceremony. The court has been set up to handle genocide and the Worst case of war crime or mass atrocities against civilians when no national court is able or willing to do so.
143.Right to Education:-article 21A provides the free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen.
144.Freedom of information bill:- The parliament approved the “Freedom of information bill”.Now it is statutory right of the citizen to access information from the Government.
145.Right to Education :- article21A provides the free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen
146.Freedom of information bill:- The Parliament approved the “freedom of information bill”. Now it is statutory right of the citizen to access information from the Government.
149. Sapan is not a member of G-8 group.
150. APSARA is the name of the India’s first Nuclear Reactor.
151.The world environment day is celebrated on june 5.
152.Jainism:-Founded by (Rishabha)Varhamana Mahavira. He was a great 24th Triathankras (Pathfinder).Or prophet of Jainism .Mahavir was a greast Kshtiya ,born at Kundagram (Vaishali) in bihar. He came to be known as Mahavir of jina. The conqueror of passing; his following are known as Janis. He passed away at age 72 in 462 B. C at Pavapuri, a place near modern Rajgir . Mahavira Teaching are known as the “Tri Ratna” or the three jewels of Jainisn,which lead to the attainment of salvation . They are (I) Right Knowledge and (II) Right Action .The Janis used and developed Prakrit,The language of the common people .Their religious literature was written in Ardhamagadhi.
153.Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut in 1498.
154.Ist Chinese traveler, Fahein came to India during the period of chandra Gupta-II(Vikramaditya)
155.2nd Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang came to India during the region of Harshvardhana
156.Who is the Napoleon of India –Samundra Gupta for his military exploits.
157.Harshvardhana written three books-1.Priya Darshika 2.Rattanavali 3.Naga Nanda. The official poet of harshvardhana was bana bhatt .Bana bhatta composed harsha chirtra and kadambari
158.First battle of panipat in 1526 and founded the Mugahal dynasty in India
159.Second battle of Panipat was fought between Akbar and Ibrahim Lodhi at Panipat in 1556 Akbar Defeated Himu and became the ruled of Delhi and Agra
160 Third battle of Panipat fought between Ahmed Shah Abdali of Afghanistan and Marathas in 1761.In this third battle of Panipat Marathas were completely routed by Ahmed Shah Abdali.
161.Indian National Army was founded by Subash Chander Bose in 1943 in Singapore alongwith Rasbihari Bose. The main aim of Azad Hind Fauz was to liberation of India.
162.The Brahmo Samaj was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 whose leadership was later taken by Debendernath tagore and Keshub Chande Sen.
163.The Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 attempted to reform the Hindu religion from its decadence.
164.The Ramakrishana Mission was founded by Swami Vevekananda in 1896 .
165.Annie besant:- Founded Theosophical society started home rule league in 1916. She was the first woman president of Indian National Congress.Indian National Congress Founded by A.O.Hume in 1885. However first President of Indian national congress was W.C. Banerjee.
166.Swadeshi movement was started in 1905.
167.Gadder party was founded by lala Hardayal singh in 1913 at Francisco.
168.Home rule league founded by Annie Besant and Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak in 1916.
169.Rowlatt Act. Passed in 1919.
170.Non-Co-Operation movement started in 1920 by Gandhi ji. This movement ended in 1922 after Chauri Chaura incident.
171.Simons commission –1928
172.Civil Disobedience movement-1930
173. “Do or die” –Mahatma Gandhi
174. “Nightingale of India”-Saorjini Naidu.
175. “Father of Indian Unrest”-Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak.
176. “Architect of India”- Pandit Nehru.
177. “Man of Peace”-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
178. “Iron Man of India”-Sardar.
179. “jai hind” –subash chander bose
180. “Grand old man of India” –Dada Bhai Naroji
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181.Mughal Dynasty (1526-1540and 1555-1857)
1.Babur (1526-1530)
2.Humayum
3.Sher Shah Suri (1540-45)
4.Akber (1556-1605)
5.Jahangir (1605-1627)
6.Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
7.Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
182.BABUR:
-Founder of Mughal Empire
-1st battle of panipat between Babur and Ibrahim lodhi
183.HUMAYUN:
-Son of Babur
-Humayun Tomb at Delhi-1st Mughal Monument
184.SHER SHAH SURI:
-He was an Afghan
-Introduced a brilliant administration
-Issued a coin called ‘Rupia’
-Build Grand Trunk Road Linking Peshawar to Calcatta
185.AKBAR:
a. Eldest son of Humayun
b. Real founded of Mughal empire
c. Good works done by him
d. Popular for his toleration
e. Foundation of Din-e-illahi(code of conduct)
f. Akbar Tomb –Sikandria
g. Largest building built called ‘Agra Forte’
h. Abdul Fazal was a famous Poat who has written Aaine –Akbari ,Akbar –Name
186.JAHANGIR:
a. Real name Salim
b. Son of Akbar
c. He is known for his strict administration of Justice
d. He married Mehr-un-nissa or Nurjahan in 1661.
e. Jahangir’s Tomb built at Lohore
f. Exeecuted Guru Arjun Dev at the advice of Chand Singh
187.SHAH JAHAN:
a. Son of jahangir
b. His wife Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631
c. Built Taj Mahal in her memory in Agra
d. Known for promotion of Art
e. ‘Red Fort’ and ‘Jama Masjid’ got built by him
f. Shah Jahan was imprisoned by his third son Aurangzeb till he died in 1666
188.AURANGZEB:
a. Third son of shah jahan
b. Ruled for 50 years and he was a cruel king
c. Banned all religious festival and demolished Hindu Temples
d. Executed Guru Teg Bahadur Ji (9th Guru) when he refused to embrace Islam
189. NADIR SHAH:
a. A Persian King during the region of Mohamd Shah took the ‘Kohinoor’ diamond to Afghanistan
190.Who was the first Governor of free India –Lord Mountbatten
191. Who was the first Governor General of free India – C Rajagopalchari
192. Who was the first Governor of free British India –Warren Hasting(1772-1793)
193. Who was the first father of Civil Service in India-Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)
194. Who abolished sati Pratha and other cruel rites –Lord W.Bentick (with the help of Raja ram Mohan Rai in 1829
195.Who introduced Widow remarriage Act.In 1856 –Lord Dalhousie
196.TRAI -Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
197.VAS-Voluntary Retirement Scheme
198.VAT-Value Added Tex
199.STD-Subscriber’s Trunk Dialing
200.ISD-Internationl Subscriber’ s Dialing
201.PAN – Permanent Account Number
202.PIN –Postal Index Number
203. NATO-North Atlantic treaty Organization
204.SAARC –South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
205.C.R.R.-Cash Reserve Ratio.
206. I.S.R.O. -Indian Space Research Organization.
207.NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
208.V.D.I.S. –Voluntary Disclosure Income Scheme
209. P.C.O. –Public Call Office
210. L.P.G. –Liquefied Petroleum gas
211.C.T.B.T. –Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
212. V.P.P. –Value Payable Post
213. L.C.A. – Light Combat Aircraft.
214. P.O.W. – Prisoner of War.
215. T.E.L.E.X – Teleprint Exchange.
216 L.C.C –Line of Actual Control.
217. CNG-Compressed Natural Gas.
218. SMS –Short Messaging Service.
219. OAPEC -Organization of Arab Peteoleum Exporting Copuriers.
220.OPEC -Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
221.Interpol-International Crimunal Police Organisatiom it’s headquarter is in Lyons (Paris)
222.Who was the first man go to space- Yuri Gagran
223.Who was the first Indian go to in Space- Rakesh
224. Who was the first Indian woman go to in Space –Kalpna Chawla.
225. Who was the first man land on moon –Neil Armstrong on 21, July , 1969.
226. Bangalore is the Silicon City of the India.
227. Hyderabad is the hil – Tec.City of India.
228. 2004 Olympics to be held in Athens.
229. Misslie man of the India –A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Azad.
230. Capital of Fiji – Suva.
231. World’s largest river in South America’s Amazon which flows into South Atlantic. The source is Glacier –Fed- Lakes.
232. Which of the first Indian state to be recognized on the basis of language – Andhra Pardesh.
233. When were the Indian states re-organized on linguist basis – 1956.
234. Which scheduled deals with matters relating to
anti defection – 10th
235. Which scientist laid the foundation of atomic energy research in India – Homi J. Bhabha.
236. Which branch of science studies the relationship between matter and energy – Physics.
237. Which planet have no atmosphere –Mercury
238. Convex lenses are used for correction of –Short Sightedness
239. Which mirror is used as a rear view mirror in vehicles –Conves
240. Filament of an electric bulb is maid of –Tungsten
241. The oil in the wick of an oil lamp rises up due to –Capillary action
242. The best conductor of heat –Silver
243. A radar which defects the presence of an enemy air craft uses –Radio Waves
244. Velocity of round is maximum in –Steel
245. The terminal colure of Rainbow are –Rd & Blue
245. The gas extinguish fire is –Carbon Monoxide
246. The purest form of carbon is-Diamond.
Important Issues: Current Affairs
1. Which movie has won the best motion picture of the year award at Oscars, 2005-Million Dollar Baby
2 . Which political party has won the maximum number of seats in the recently held assembly elections in Bihar - Janta Dal –United
3. Jamie fox has won the best actor award in the Oscars, 2005. For which movie, He has been awarded – Ray
4. 77th Oscars, 2005 has awarded “Best actress award in a leading Role” To – Hilary swank
5. President of Afghanistan was on a visit to India during February – March, 2005. His name is -Mr. Hamid Karzai
6. Who is the richest Indian as per ‘Forbes’ list – Lakshmi Niwas Mittal
7. Which film has won the 51st National Film Awards, 2005 in the category of Best Feature film on National Integration also called ‘Nargis Dutt Award’ – Pinjar (Hindi)
8. Who has won Dada Saheb Falke Award, 2003 declared in the National Film Award ceremony, 2005 -Ashok Kumar (Posthumously)
9. Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, the President of India is the author of the book – The Wings of Fire and Ignited Minds
10. Nanavathi Commission relates to - Terrorists attack in Indian Parliament
11. A.D. stands for – Anno Domini
12. Tony Blair, Prime minister of Britain, belongs to – Labour Party
13. RSVP stands for - Respondez S’il Vous Plait
14. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to ……. in 1901 – J.H.Dunant
15.Which French Engineer designed the structure of the statute of liberty –
16.Which of the following is called the Mother of all Parliaments – The British Parliaments .
17. As per Human Development Report of 2004, what is full form of HDI – Human Development Index.
18. Alagh Committee relates to – Civil Services Examination.
19.. Treaty on ‘Ozone depletion’ – Montreal Treaty.
20.. First Chief Election Commissioner of India was – Sukumar Sen.
21.. East Timor received independence in 2002 from – Indonesia
22. First woman Prime Minister in the world was of – Sri Lanka.
23. Gratuity is paid at the rate of 15 Days wages for each completed year of service .
24. Postal service in India was opened to the public in 1837.
25. The person was facilitated with ‘Nishan-e-Pakistan’ – Dilip Kumar
26. The author of the book ‘Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince’is –J.K.Rowling.
27. ‘Fallujah’ city, which was recently in news, is in -Iraq
28. The Government of India recently announced a special development package of Rs. 250 crode for the development of –Manipur
29. M.S. Subbalakshmi who died recently was a famous –Classical Singer.
30. In Which country a non-resident Indian Mr. Bobby Jindal recently won the Parliamentary elections? –US
31. Where is Halebid–a place Which is well Knon for its elaboratedly sculptured temples of the Hoysala eriod?-Karnataka
32.Where is Meenakshi-a famous Hindu temple? –Madurai
33. Where is Sriharikota , India’s satellite launching centre? Andhra Pradesh
34. The Tower of Victory’ is Iocated in- Rajasthan.exander
35.Alexander Graham bell is credited with the invention of-Telephone.
36. ‘The Television’ was invented by-J.L.Baird.
37.where is the longest railway playtform in the world - Kharagpur
38. which of the following countries is called the land of white elephant - Thailand
39. The capital of Greece is – Athens
40.The Headquarters of United Nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO) are located in-Paris.
41.Who is the first Indian recipient of the Olympic Gold Order-Indira Gandhi…`
42.The Largest monument in the world Quetzalcoatl Pyramid is in-Cairo
43.Which planets of our solar system do not have moons-Mercury and Venus.
44. Two of Ashoka’ s lion pillars built in the 3rd century B.C. stand perfectly preserved even today at their original location. One is at Lauriya Nandangarh. Where is the other?- Sarnath
45.Which article of the constitution of India provides for the post of Governor of state?-Article153
46.In which State is the Sun Temple Suryan Kovil located? –Tamil Nadu
47.At which of the following Olympic Games did the lndian Hockey team win its first gold medal?-Amsterdam
48. First Chief Election Commissioner of India was – Sukumar Sen.
49. East Timor received independence in 2002 from – Indonesia.
50. First woman Prime Minister in the world was of – Sri Lanka.
51. Deficiency disease Vitamin A-Night Blindness, Vitamin B –beriberi, Vitamin C – scurvy
Vitamin D –Rickets, Vitamin E-Skin and hair disease, Vitamin K – Clotting of Blood.
52. Rich sources of Vitamin A- Carrots, PEM- Protein Energy Malnutrients.
53..Disease due to deficiency of Iron – Anemia, Life time of RBC – 120 Days
Information and Communication Technology
Communication: Introduction
Communication is an indispensable tool in all areas of human interaction. But it is a process that is complex. The extent of its complexity can be seen in the variety of ways in which it can be defined.
Thus, communication is any behaviour, verbal, nonverbal or graphic that is perceived by another. It involves a web of activities that differ in different situations. In the workplace, for example, you would probably communicate differently when talking formally to customers as compared to informally with a peer. How you perceive the situation will often determine your communication behavior.
Forms and Types of Communication
People communicate with each other in a variety of ways that depend on the message they want to send and the context in which it is to be sent. As a result there are a variety of forms and types of communication such as e-mail, face-to-face, telephone, meetings, corridor conversations and seminars. Dwyer categorises these into
three forms of communication - verbal, nonverbal and graphic
four types of communication - intrapersonal, interpersonal, public and mass.
Communication Models and Theories
Communication is a dynamic and interactive process'. Just as there are many definitions of communication, so there are many models of communication, each providing different views of how people transfer and interpret information. Like a jigsaw puzzle, each model provides a part of the picture, but no one model seems to cover all aspects.
Berlo's Model
Berlo's focus remained on the transmission model of communication. However, he introduced more of the human elements, such as the relationship between the message channel and the five senses
Effective communication involves both the sender and the receiver. The sender must be as clear as possible and the receiver must signal understanding or clarification. It involves both content and relationship elements
content = message, idea
relationship = emotions, power, status
personal Encoding and decoding are based on a person's perception of the world.
The Transmission Model
The transmission model is concerned with the transfer of meaning from the sender to the receiver . Communication is a one way process.
The Process Model
The transmission model was subsequently adapted to form the process models in which people transmit, receive, interpret and respond to messages with feedback. The process models have seven main elements:
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Channel
Context or setting (environment)
Noise or interference
In the process models, a message is encoded by the sender through a communication channel, such as voice or body language, and then decoded by the receiver. The receiver then provides feedback. The process is influenced by the context of the situation and any noise or interference.
Notes on Communication: Continued
Communication Barriers
Ineffective communication can lead to errors, misunderstanding, poor performance, lower motivation and morale, negative feelings in the workplace and many other issues that may detract from achieving organisational goals. It is, therefore, important to try to minimise barriers to effective and efficient communication: communication barriers distort or interrupt the message and its meaning
Organizational Communication
Communication in an organisation may be used to influence, inform, control or inspire. Organisational communication can be divided into two broad categories - formal or structured (within the 'systems' established by management) and informal (as when co-workers chat about company matters). Both areas are significant and both need to be 'healthy' for the organisation to be healthy.
Formal Communication Channels and Networks
Formal communication channels follow the organisational structure or hierarchy and flow in four directions:
These four directions in which communication can travel are: downward; upward; lateral or horizontal; and diagonal.
Downward (1) communication involves communication from higher to lower levels so that leadership can communicate goals, strategies or role expectations.
Upward (2) communication flows from lower levels to higher levels of the organisation, for example, when there is a need to communicate problems, results or suggestions.
Horizontal (3) communication occurs across the same level and involves for example, coordination of activities with peers (teams, committees), dissemination of useful information from one department to another (for example sales forecasts from the sales department to production, and problems such as a problem with product design from the production department to research and development). Horizontal communication facilitates the l inking of different areas of expertise and this may encourage innovation.
Diagonal (4) channels may potentially cause conflict as they involve communication between the lower level of one department to a higher level in another. In the diagram above, this may cause friction between the employee in accounting department C and the Vice-President (VP) of Accounting as the employee has gone around his or her own superior. Nevertheless this type of communication may be useful as it may simply be information relevant to the Marketing Department and the VP Accounting does not need to be involved.
Formal communication networks also occur within the hierarchy of the organisation and reflect how groups of employees, for example those in a department, work together. Networking or mapping the flow of communication in an organisation can be a useful device. This can identify who is communicating with whom and whether the lines of communication are effective and efficient, or whether there is potential for destructive conflict or tension arising from the communication channels (for example, inappropriate diagonal communication).
Formal Communication: Problems and Solutions
Many communication problems arise from the structure of the organisation. Dwyer mentions three related organisational factors: centralisation; the creation of too many organisational layers; and the structure of the organisation. Other factors may include downsizing which leads to ambiguous reporting structure and poor leadership. Many of these problems may be overcome by:
analysing the organisation structure and communication networks for barriers to effectiveness and efficiency
ensuring downsizing is well planned and the 'survivors' (those left in the organisation) understand the impact of the process on communication networks and procedures
recruiting for competent communication, particularly when recruiting for leadership roles.
Informal Communication
Informal organisational communication exists outside the formal lines of the organisational structure. An example of this is friendship groups. The informal communication channel serves two main purposes: it permits employees to satisfy their need for social interaction in the workplace and it can improve an organisation's performance by creating alternative, and frequently faster and more efficient, channels of communication (Robbins et al. 2000).
One of the most common forms of informal communication is 'the grapevine'. According to Kreitner and Kinicki (1995) the term grapevine originated from the American Civil War practice of stringing battlefield telegraph lines between trees as a means of efficient communication. Now it supplements the formal channels of communication.
UGC Notes: Research Methodology and Aptitude
Types of Research - Definitions
Action research is a methodology that combines action and research to examine specific questions, issues or phenomena through observation and reflection, and deliberate intervention to improve practice.
Applied research is research undertaken to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge sake.
Basic research is experimental and theoretical work undertaken to acquire new knowledge without looking for long-term benefits other than the advancement of knowledge.
Qualitative research is research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies.
Quantitative research is research concerned with the measurement of attitudes, behaviours and perceptions and includes interviewing methods such as telephone, intercept and door-to-door interviews as well as self-completion methods such as mail outs and online surveys.
Three basic types of questions that research projects:
Descriptive: When a study is designed primarily to describe what is going on or what exists. Public opinion polls that seek only to describe the proportion of people who hold various opinions are primarily descriptive in nature. For instance, if we want to know what percent of the population would vote for a BJP or Congress in the next election, we are simply interested in describing something.
Relational: When a study is designed to look at the relationships between two or more variables. A public opinion poll that compares what proportion of males and females say they would vote for a BJP or Congress candidate in the next election is essentially studying the relationship between gender and voting preference.
Causal: When a study is designed to determine whether one or more variables (e.g., a program or treatment variable) causes or affects one or more outcome variables. If we did a public opinion poll to try to determine whether a recent political advertising campaign changed voter preferences, we would essentially be studying whether the campaign (cause) changed the proportion of voters who would vote BJP or Congress (effect).
Time is an important element of any research design. The most fundamental distinctions in research design nomenclature: cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies. A cross-sectional study is one that takes place at a single point in time. In effect, we are taking a 'slice' or cross-section of whatever it is we're observing or measuring. A longitudinal study is one that takes place over time -- we have at least two (and often more) waves of measurement in a longitudinal design.
A variable is any entity that can take on different values. Anything that can vary can be considered a variable. For instance, age can be considered a variable because age can take different values for different people or for the same person at different times. Similarly, country can be considered a variable because a person's country can be assigned a value.
There is a distinction between an independent and dependent variable. In fact the independent variable is what you (or nature) manipulates -- a treatment or program or cause. The dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable -- your effects or outcomes. For example, if you are studying the effects of a new educational program on student achievement, the program is the independent variable and your measures of achievement are the dependent ones.
A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study. Not all studies have hypotheses. Sometimes a study is designed to be exploratory.
UGC Notes: Research Methodology and Aptitude
Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen. A response is a specific measurement value that a sampling unit supplies. If you measure the entire population and calculate a value like a mean or average, it is called parameter of the population. The distribution of an infinite number of samples of the same size as the sample in your study is known as the sampling distribution.
In sampling contexts, the standard error is called sampling error. Sampling error gives us some idea of the precision of our statistical estimate. A low sampling error means that we had relatively less variability or range in the sampling distribution. How do we calculate sampling error? on the standard deviation of our sample. The greater the sample standard deviation, the greater the standard error /the sampling error. The standard error is also related to the sample size. The greater your sample size, the smaller the standard error. Because the greater the sample size, the closer your sample is to the actual population itself. If you take a sample that consists of the entire population you actually have no sampling error because you don't have a sample, you have the entire population. In that case, the mean you estimate is the parameter.
Probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection such as picking a name out of a hat, or choosing the short straw.
The simplest form of random sampling is called simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is simple to accomplish and is easy to explain to others. Because simple random sampling is a fair way to select a sample, it is reasonable to generalize the results from the sample back to the population. Simple random sampling is not the most statistically efficient method of sampling and you may, just because of the luck of the draw, not get good representation of subgroups in a population.
Stratified Random Sampling, also sometimes called proportional or quota random sampling, involves dividing your population into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple random sample in each subgroup. It assures that you will be able to represent not only the overall population, but also key subgroups of the population, especially small minority groups. Second, stratified random sampling will generally have more statistical precision than simple random sampling. This will only be true if the strata or groups are homogeneous.
The problem with random sampling methods when we have to sample a population that's disbursed across a wide geographic region is that you will have to cover a lot of ground geographically in order to get to each of the units you sampled. It is for precisely this problem that cluster or area random sampling was invented. In cluster sampling, we follow these steps:
1. divide population into clusters (usually along geographic boundaries)
2. randomly sample clusters
3. measure all units within sampled clusters
Non-probability sampling. The difference between nonprobability and probability sampling is that nonprobability sampling does not involve random selection and probability sampling does. We can divide nonprobability sampling methods into two broad types: accidental or purposive. In accidental sampling, sample is chosen accidently and we have no evidence that they are representative of the populations we're interested in generalizing to and in many cases we would clearly suspect that they are not. e.g. college students in some psychological survey. In purposive sampling, we sample with a purpose in mind. We usually would have one or more specific predefined groups we are seeking. For instance, have you ever run into people in a mall or on the street who are carrying a clipboard and who are stopping various people and asking if they could interview them? Most likely they are conducting a purposive sample. Purposive sampling can be very useful for situations where you need to reach a targeted sample quickly and where sampling for proportionality is not the primary concern. With a purposive sample, you are likely to get the opinions of your target population, but you are also likely to overweight subgroups in your population that are more readily accessible.
One of purposive sampling is quota sampling. In quota sampling, you select people nonrandomly according to some fixed quota. There are two types of quota sampling: proportional and non proportional. In proportional quota sampling you want to represent the major characteristics of the population by sampling a proportional amount of each. e.g. getting 40% females from a population of say 1000.
Then there is snowball sampling. In snowball sampling, you begin by identifying someone who meets the criteria for inclusion in your study. You then ask them to recommend others who they may know who also meet the criteria.
Research Design
Research design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment work together to try to address the central research questions. Design can be either experimental or non-experimental.
Data analysis is the last part of the research. In most social research the data analysis involves three major steps, done in roughly this order:
Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data Preparation)
Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics)
Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential Statistics)
Data Preparation involves checking or logging the data in; checking the data for accuracy; entering the data into the computer; transforming the data; and developing and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures.
Descriptive Statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data. With descriptive statistics you are simply describing what is, what the data shows.
Inferential Statistics investigate questions, models and hypotheses. In many cases, the conclusions from inferential statistics extend beyond the immediate data alone. For instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population thinks. Or, we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by chance in this study. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
UGC NET Quick Links: Exam Scheme Syllabus Books Study Materialwww.examrace.com
-Total no of bones 206
-Smallest bone-Stapes(ear boe)
-Longest bone-Femus(Thigh bone)
-Strongest bone-Tibia(leg bone)
-Total no of muscles-639
-Largest grand-liver
-Longest gland-thyroid
-Longest nerve-Sciatic
-Hardest bone-Tooth enamal
-Tolal amount of blood in the body is (1/15 of body weight)
-Normal body Temperature-98.6F(37C)
2.Govt.of India banned the student Islamic movement of India (SIMI)because it had linked with Osama Bin Laden’s a1-Qaeda Group
3.The Salary of member of parliament and higher perks is ehanced from Rs.4000 to 12,000 per month and constituency allowance from Rs.8000 to 10,000 per month and daily allowance of Rs.400 to Rs. 500 for a period of five year
4.Competition bill to replace MRTPC (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practice Act.)
5.Supreme court ruled on August 2,2001 that a public servant convicted in corruption case should not hold office till he was cleared of the charges by a superior court
6.Number of amendments in constitution is 8 till now
7.The terrorist out fit that brought the WTC and destroyed part of Pantagon in Washington is A1-Queda.the network association with Osama Bin Laden
8. ISI-Inter Service Intelligence
9.Durent line boundary between India and Afghanistan
11.Mc Mohan Line:-boundary between India and china
12.Redcliff Line:- boundary between India and Pakistan
13.Palk Strait:- boundary between India and Sri Lanka
14.Prithvi:-Surface to surface missile.It has a range 250km
15.Agni:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range1500-2000km
16.Akash:- Is Surface to surface missile.it has a range of 25km
17 Nag: It is an anti tank missile having range of 4km
18.Bank rate is the rate at which the reserve Bank of India gives credit to commercial Banks
19.Amicus Curiae-Lawyer appointment by the court to represent a poor person.it means friend of court
20.C.R.R- Cash Reserve Ratio
21.Medico Legal case-Accidental Case
22.The most important influence of the moon on the earth is the effect on ocean tides
23.Ranthambore:- Ranthambore National park in Rajasthan(410 sq.km)was ones the private tiger reserve of the Maharaja of Jaipur
24.Ghana Bird Sanctuary-Bharatpur Rajasthan
25.Standerd Deduction in income tax-30,000/-
26.Maximum income not liable to tax-50,000/-
27.American’s Robinson Walton(Bill gates)is the richest person in the world
28.Bio terrorism:-It refer to the use of disease causing micro oganism as terroist weapons to cause devastating ipack on the people.for example.Anthrax
29.Public University founded in 1982 at Lahore.After partition in was re-established in India on 1st of October 1947.the University moved to Chandigarh in 1956,vice chancellor of Punjab university is –K.N.Pathak
30.Kapil Dev has been chosen the wisdom Indian cricketer of the century.
31.Akshardham Temple is in Gandhi Nagar (Gujrat
35 people were killed by terrorist )
32.Metro rail Delhi 24 Dec,2002(Shahdra to is Hagari –8.3km)
33.CAG- V.N.Kaul
34.Chairman of SBI-A.K.Purwar
35.Guru Nanak born in Talwandi now called ‘Nankana Sahib’ in 1469 .He died in 1539.Guru was founder of Sikhism
36. Guru Angad Dev- introduced langer system
37. Guru Amar Das- social reformer and discarded sati pratha
38. Guru Ram Das- founded city of Amritsar
40. Guru Arjun Deb- Built GoldenTemple and compiled Aadi Granph or Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjun Deb compled Granth Sahib in 1604 with the of bhai Gurdas Bhalla ji. Guru Arjun Dev was executed by Jahangir on the advice of Chandu Singh. Guru Arjun Dev got the foundation of Harmandir Sahib laid down by a Muslim Faqir main mir.
41.Guru hargobind singh – stared the system of
Akal takht and miri,piri
42.Guru Har Rai
43.Guru Harkishan
44.Guru Teg Bahadur-Guru Teg Bahadur executed by Aurangzeb
45. Guru Gobind Singh –Founder of Khalsa 13th April,1699,Baisakhi, Khalsa means military
brotherhood Zafarnama :- This is Letter written by
Guru Gobind Singh to Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
This letter was written because Aurangzeb was committed many atrocities on people.Guru Gobind Singh asked Aurangzeb to give up the policy at Anandpur Sahib on the 1st Baisakh 13th April,1699 A..D
46.Dasam Granth was compiled by a devoted sikh mani singh after passing away Of Guru Gobind Singh .
47.Guru Ki kashi-Takhat Damdma Sahib. It is famous Gurudwara, Which is situated at Talwandi Sabo. It is called Guru Ki Kashi
48.Guru Ki Wadali – it is Birth place of Guru Hargobind Ji . it is famous Gurudwara of Punjab
49.Banda Bahadur- Was born on 27th October, 1670. His real name was Lachaman Das. Once,
during hunting an arrow of Banda Bahadur stuck a pregnant she deer; Banda Bahadur was greatly pained to see the tragic death of the deer and its two kids. He renounced the world and become a Bairagi. Banda Bahadur adopted the name Madho Das after becoming a Bairagi. Madho Das (Banda Bahadur) met Guru Sahib. He said “I am your Banda (Servant)”. Thus Madho Das become Banda. Guru Gobind Sahib called him Banda the brave. Thus acquired the name Banda Bahadur
50. Sharomani Gurdawara Prabandhak Committee was established on 15th Nov. 1990, at Akal Takhat Amritsar.
51.Aklis launched a non-movement in 1921 with the aim of –Librating Sikh Guru Gurudwara from Mahants.
Important Facts to Know: General Studies
Literature:
52.Creator of Asa-di-war,Japuji sahib-Guru Nanak Dev ji.
53.Creator of Bachittar Natak- Guru Gobind Singh
54.Creator of Jab Sahibh- Guru Gobind Singh
55.Creator of Anand Sahib- Guru Amar Das ji
56.Creator of Sukhmani Sahib –Guru Arjan Dev ji
57. Compiler of Guru Granth Sahib – Guru Arjan Dev ji
58.Writer of Adhi Granth at the time of its compilation of – Bahi Gurdas Bhalla ji
59.Creator of Bani written in Dasam Granth-Guru Gobind singh ji
60.Most famous writer of Qisa Puran Bhagat –Fazal Shah.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his Administration:-
61.Date of Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Nov.2,1780.
62.Name of the parents of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Father name:-Maha singh ,Mother name :-Raj Kaur
63.Time of treaty of Amritsar between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and British –25th April,1809
64.Name of the Foreign minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh-Faqir Azizudeen
65.Head of Finance minister at the the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Deewan Kaura Mal
66.Most famous prime minister of Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Dhian Singh Dogra
67.Meaning of Kankut system started by Maharaja Ranjit Singh- Tax on standing crop in the field
68.’Nazim Adalat’ at the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh state level- Court
69.Capital city of maharaja Ranjit Singh- Lahore
70.First war between Sikh and British – 1845 A.D.
71.Second Anglo Sikh War-1848-1849 A.D.
72. Ranjit Singh (Thein) Dam has been constructed on the river- Ravi
73.Which Dam is built on Beas near Talwara- Pong Dam.
74. Dam built on the river Satluj- Bhakrha Dam
75.The Dusi dam has been constructed on the river Beas
76.The old name of the Amritser –Ramdas nagar
77.Which Guru got constructor Akal Takhat –GuruHargobind Sahib
78The real Granth Sahib has been placed at –Kartarpur
79.Guru Nanak Dav Ji was enlightenment at- Sultan Pur
80.Which Guru built Buraj Baba Atal- Guru Hargobind Sahib
81. The old name Punjab- Sapat Sindhu
82.The Gurudwara situated at present where foundation of Khalsa Panth was laid –Gurudwara Kesgarh Sahib.
83.The other name of Harmandir Sahib is-Darbar Sahib.
84.The Guru;who founded Anandpur Sahib was –Guru Teg Bahadur
85.Bhagat Singh was hanged on-23rd March, 1931
86.Number of district in Punjab-17, Lok Sabha seats-13
87. Highest Gallantry Award-Param Vir Chakra
88.NOBLE PRIZES;-The Honors of Wining the Noble Prizes go to the Following 7 Indians
(i)Rabinder Nath Tagore win the noble prizes from literature in 1913.
(ii)C.V. Raman win the noble prizes from physics in 1930.
(iii)Hargobind Khurana win the noble prizes from medicine in 1968.
(iv)Mother Teresa win the noble price from peace in 1979.
(vi) S. chandrashekher win the noble prize from physics in 1986.
(vii) Prof. Amaritya Sen win the noble prizes from Economics in 1998.
(viii) V.S.Naipal win the noble prizes from Literature in 2001.
90.Highest Gallantry Award- ParamVir Chakra
91.Highest Civilian Award- Bharat Ratana
92.First Olympic Game held at Athens in 1896
93.First Deputy Prime Minister of India-Sardar Patel
94.2nd deputy Prime Minister of India-Morarzi Desai
95. 3hd Deputy Prime Minister of India – Choudhari Charan Singh
96. 5th Deputy Prime Minister of India – Y.V.Chauan.
97.6th Deputy Prime Minister of India –Dev Lal
98. 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India- Lal Krishan Advani
99. AIDS:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
100.HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
101.AIDS:Is caused by Virus Aids is due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus
102.Classical Dances of India
-Manipur of Manipur
-Oddisi of Orissa
-Katha-Kali of Kerala
-Kuchi-Pudi of Andhra Pradesh
-Bharat Natyam of Tamil Nadu
-Kathak of Utter Pradesh
-Bihu of Assam
103.Legal Service Clinic:-A Legal Service Clinic open 24 hours on all days, has been established in Ahemdabad to provide free service of retired high court judge and reputed lawyear.
105.The State of Haryana-:Came into begin on , Nov.1,1966 as result of the re- organizations
of the old Punjab state into two separate seats.It consist of the Hind speaking area of Punjab,secong language status has been given to Punjab(1996)
106.Book and Author:-
-Life Diving
-Ain-I-Akbari -Aourbinbo Ghosh
-Panchtantra -Abdul Fazal
-Mahabharta -Vishnu Sharma
-India wins Freedom -Ved Vyas
-Discovery of India -Maulana Abdul Kalam
-My Experiment with Truth -Gandhi
-Madhushala -Harivansh Rai Bachan
-Prisoner’s Scorapbook -L.K.Advani
107.Sports:-
-Agha Khan Cup -Hockey
-Durant Cup -Football(India)
-Duleep/renjit Trophyre -Cricket
-Santosh Trophy -National Football
-Thomas Cup -World Bedminton(Men)
-Davis Cup -Lawn Tennis
108.Buddhism:Buddhism was founded by Gautam
Buddha. His Original name was Gautam Siddhartha , A Kashatriya, Boran in 563 B.C at Lumbini in Nepal . He attended enlightenment at Bodhgaya under papal tree.Budha died at the age of 80 years in 483 B.C at Kushinagar (District Utter Pradesh).He gave 8 fold paths to control the desire.1st sermon was delivered by him at Srnarth at Banaras .The Language used by Buddhist people was pali.
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Important facts to Know for General Studies
109.Red cross was founded by-J.H. Durant , Established in 1864 World red Cross day iscelebrated on May 8,The Birthday its founder J.H. Durant.
110.Sir Robert S.S Baden Powell is the founder of scouting
111.Who gave the call go back to Vedas-Dayanand
112.The construction of Qutab Minar was begun by Quatab-ud-din Aibak but it was complateed by lltutumish.
113.Who built the Sanchi Stupa- Agratala.
114.Who founded slave dynasty in 1206 A.D.- Quatab-ud-din Aibak.
115.The Capital of Tripura is Agratala.
116. The Capital of Mizoram is aizawl.
117. The Capital of Australia is –Canberra.
118.Spring tides occurs on- Full moon day as well on new moon day.
119.Tides in the oceans are caused by-Attraction of the moon.
201.Buddhism place of worship is-Pongda.
121.Jews place of worship is-Synagogue.
122.Holish book of Jews-Talmud.
123.Malguddi days written by –R.K. Naraynan
124.Das capital-Karl Marx
125.The father of Economics- Adam smith.
126.The Chipko Movement was associated with-preventing felling of trees.
127.Pashmina is a breed of -Sheep.
128.What is the meaning of Buddha –An enlightened one.
129.Which is the holy book of Parsis- Jorah
130.Parliament of U.S.A is known as- Congress
131. Parliament of Afghanistan- Shoora
132. Parliament of Russia-Duma.
133. Parliament of Japan –Diet.
134.SARS:-It Stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS is caused by viruses from the corona and paramyxo virus family.
136.LCA(Light Combat Aircraft)is named as “Tejas”
137. Lakshva is Pilot Less target Aircraft
138.Kalpna Chawla: She was an Indian born American Astronaut. She died with other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle crash on feb.1,2003. She embarked on her second Voyage in the United State space shuttle Columbia on Jan 16,earlier.She was an Indian born American Astronaut.She died with other six astronauts in the Columbia shuttle Columbia on jan 16,earlier.She
was one of the six astronaut crew that flew the Columbia Flight STS-87in nov.1997 Chawla who had her schooling in Karnal (Haryana)and college education in Punjab did her Masters in Aerospase Engineering from the university of Taxes in in 1984 and Doctorate from Colorado University two year later. An avid flier, she held certified flight instructor’s license with Airplane and Gladder ratings, commercial Pilot L icense for single and multi-engine land and seaplanes
139.Jan. 9,the day Mahatma Gandhi return from South Agrica in 1915-was chosen to celebrate the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
140.The five day 90th session of the Lndian science congress conclude in Bangalore on Jan.7,2003.The focal theme of the congress was Vision for the global Space community.
141.Sriska and Ranthambore are the reserve for lion.
142.International Criminal court was launched formally in the mid march in the Hauge . The first eighteen judges took Oath in the grand ceremony. The court has been set up to handle genocide and the Worst case of war crime or mass atrocities against civilians when no national court is able or willing to do so.
143.Right to Education:-article 21A provides the free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen.
144.Freedom of information bill:- The parliament approved the “Freedom of information bill”.Now it is statutory right of the citizen to access information from the Government.
145.Right to Education :- article21A provides the free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen
146.Freedom of information bill:- The Parliament approved the “freedom of information bill”. Now it is statutory right of the citizen to access information from the Government.
149. Sapan is not a member of G-8 group.
150. APSARA is the name of the India’s first Nuclear Reactor.
151.The world environment day is celebrated on june 5.
152.Jainism:-Founded by (Rishabha)Varhamana Mahavira. He was a great 24th Triathankras (Pathfinder).Or prophet of Jainism .Mahavir was a greast Kshtiya ,born at Kundagram (Vaishali) in bihar. He came to be known as Mahavir of jina. The conqueror of passing; his following are known as Janis. He passed away at age 72 in 462 B. C at Pavapuri, a place near modern Rajgir . Mahavira Teaching are known as the “Tri Ratna” or the three jewels of Jainisn,which lead to the attainment of salvation . They are (I) Right Knowledge and (II) Right Action .The Janis used and developed Prakrit,The language of the common people .Their religious literature was written in Ardhamagadhi.
153.Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut in 1498.
154.Ist Chinese traveler, Fahein came to India during the period of chandra Gupta-II(Vikramaditya)
155.2nd Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang came to India during the region of Harshvardhana
156.Who is the Napoleon of India –Samundra Gupta for his military exploits.
157.Harshvardhana written three books-1.Priya Darshika 2.Rattanavali 3.Naga Nanda. The official poet of harshvardhana was bana bhatt .Bana bhatta composed harsha chirtra and kadambari
158.First battle of panipat in 1526 and founded the Mugahal dynasty in India
159.Second battle of Panipat was fought between Akbar and Ibrahim Lodhi at Panipat in 1556 Akbar Defeated Himu and became the ruled of Delhi and Agra
160 Third battle of Panipat fought between Ahmed Shah Abdali of Afghanistan and Marathas in 1761.In this third battle of Panipat Marathas were completely routed by Ahmed Shah Abdali.
161.Indian National Army was founded by Subash Chander Bose in 1943 in Singapore alongwith Rasbihari Bose. The main aim of Azad Hind Fauz was to liberation of India.
162.The Brahmo Samaj was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828 whose leadership was later taken by Debendernath tagore and Keshub Chande Sen.
163.The Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 attempted to reform the Hindu religion from its decadence.
164.The Ramakrishana Mission was founded by Swami Vevekananda in 1896 .
165.Annie besant:- Founded Theosophical society started home rule league in 1916. She was the first woman president of Indian National Congress.Indian National Congress Founded by A.O.Hume in 1885. However first President of Indian national congress was W.C. Banerjee.
166.Swadeshi movement was started in 1905.
167.Gadder party was founded by lala Hardayal singh in 1913 at Francisco.
168.Home rule league founded by Annie Besant and Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak in 1916.
169.Rowlatt Act. Passed in 1919.
170.Non-Co-Operation movement started in 1920 by Gandhi ji. This movement ended in 1922 after Chauri Chaura incident.
171.Simons commission –1928
172.Civil Disobedience movement-1930
173. “Do or die” –Mahatma Gandhi
174. “Nightingale of India”-Saorjini Naidu.
175. “Father of Indian Unrest”-Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak.
176. “Architect of India”- Pandit Nehru.
177. “Man of Peace”-Lal Bhadur Shastri.
178. “Iron Man of India”-Sardar.
179. “jai hind” –subash chander bose
180. “Grand old man of India” –Dada Bhai Naroji
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181.Mughal Dynasty (1526-1540and 1555-1857)
1.Babur (1526-1530)
2.Humayum
3.Sher Shah Suri (1540-45)
4.Akber (1556-1605)
5.Jahangir (1605-1627)
6.Shah Jahan (1628-1658)
7.Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
182.BABUR:
-Founder of Mughal Empire
-1st battle of panipat between Babur and Ibrahim lodhi
183.HUMAYUN:
-Son of Babur
-Humayun Tomb at Delhi-1st Mughal Monument
184.SHER SHAH SURI:
-He was an Afghan
-Introduced a brilliant administration
-Issued a coin called ‘Rupia’
-Build Grand Trunk Road Linking Peshawar to Calcatta
185.AKBAR:
a. Eldest son of Humayun
b. Real founded of Mughal empire
c. Good works done by him
d. Popular for his toleration
e. Foundation of Din-e-illahi(code of conduct)
f. Akbar Tomb –Sikandria
g. Largest building built called ‘Agra Forte’
h. Abdul Fazal was a famous Poat who has written Aaine –Akbari ,Akbar –Name
186.JAHANGIR:
a. Real name Salim
b. Son of Akbar
c. He is known for his strict administration of Justice
d. He married Mehr-un-nissa or Nurjahan in 1661.
e. Jahangir’s Tomb built at Lohore
f. Exeecuted Guru Arjun Dev at the advice of Chand Singh
187.SHAH JAHAN:
a. Son of jahangir
b. His wife Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631
c. Built Taj Mahal in her memory in Agra
d. Known for promotion of Art
e. ‘Red Fort’ and ‘Jama Masjid’ got built by him
f. Shah Jahan was imprisoned by his third son Aurangzeb till he died in 1666
188.AURANGZEB:
a. Third son of shah jahan
b. Ruled for 50 years and he was a cruel king
c. Banned all religious festival and demolished Hindu Temples
d. Executed Guru Teg Bahadur Ji (9th Guru) when he refused to embrace Islam
189. NADIR SHAH:
a. A Persian King during the region of Mohamd Shah took the ‘Kohinoor’ diamond to Afghanistan
190.Who was the first Governor of free India –Lord Mountbatten
191. Who was the first Governor General of free India – C Rajagopalchari
192. Who was the first Governor of free British India –Warren Hasting(1772-1793)
193. Who was the first father of Civil Service in India-Lord Cornwallis (1786-1793)
194. Who abolished sati Pratha and other cruel rites –Lord W.Bentick (with the help of Raja ram Mohan Rai in 1829
195.Who introduced Widow remarriage Act.In 1856 –Lord Dalhousie
196.TRAI -Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
197.VAS-Voluntary Retirement Scheme
198.VAT-Value Added Tex
199.STD-Subscriber’s Trunk Dialing
200.ISD-Internationl Subscriber’ s Dialing
201.PAN – Permanent Account Number
202.PIN –Postal Index Number
203. NATO-North Atlantic treaty Organization
204.SAARC –South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
205.C.R.R.-Cash Reserve Ratio.
206. I.S.R.O. -Indian Space Research Organization.
207.NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
208.V.D.I.S. –Voluntary Disclosure Income Scheme
209. P.C.O. –Public Call Office
210. L.P.G. –Liquefied Petroleum gas
211.C.T.B.T. –Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
212. V.P.P. –Value Payable Post
213. L.C.A. – Light Combat Aircraft.
214. P.O.W. – Prisoner of War.
215. T.E.L.E.X – Teleprint Exchange.
216 L.C.C –Line of Actual Control.
217. CNG-Compressed Natural Gas.
218. SMS –Short Messaging Service.
219. OAPEC -Organization of Arab Peteoleum Exporting Copuriers.
220.OPEC -Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
221.Interpol-International Crimunal Police Organisatiom it’s headquarter is in Lyons (Paris)
222.Who was the first man go to space- Yuri Gagran
223.Who was the first Indian go to in Space- Rakesh
224. Who was the first Indian woman go to in Space –Kalpna Chawla.
225. Who was the first man land on moon –Neil Armstrong on 21, July , 1969.
226. Bangalore is the Silicon City of the India.
227. Hyderabad is the hil – Tec.City of India.
228. 2004 Olympics to be held in Athens.
229. Misslie man of the India –A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Azad.
230. Capital of Fiji – Suva.
231. World’s largest river in South America’s Amazon which flows into South Atlantic. The source is Glacier –Fed- Lakes.
232. Which of the first Indian state to be recognized on the basis of language – Andhra Pardesh.
233. When were the Indian states re-organized on linguist basis – 1956.
234. Which scheduled deals with matters relating to
anti defection – 10th
235. Which scientist laid the foundation of atomic energy research in India – Homi J. Bhabha.
236. Which branch of science studies the relationship between matter and energy – Physics.
237. Which planet have no atmosphere –Mercury
238. Convex lenses are used for correction of –Short Sightedness
239. Which mirror is used as a rear view mirror in vehicles –Conves
240. Filament of an electric bulb is maid of –Tungsten
241. The oil in the wick of an oil lamp rises up due to –Capillary action
242. The best conductor of heat –Silver
243. A radar which defects the presence of an enemy air craft uses –Radio Waves
244. Velocity of round is maximum in –Steel
245. The terminal colure of Rainbow are –Rd & Blue
245. The gas extinguish fire is –Carbon Monoxide
246. The purest form of carbon is-Diamond.
Important Issues: Current Affairs
1. Which movie has won the best motion picture of the year award at Oscars, 2005-Million Dollar Baby
2 . Which political party has won the maximum number of seats in the recently held assembly elections in Bihar - Janta Dal –United
3. Jamie fox has won the best actor award in the Oscars, 2005. For which movie, He has been awarded – Ray
4. 77th Oscars, 2005 has awarded “Best actress award in a leading Role” To – Hilary swank
5. President of Afghanistan was on a visit to India during February – March, 2005. His name is -Mr. Hamid Karzai
6. Who is the richest Indian as per ‘Forbes’ list – Lakshmi Niwas Mittal
7. Which film has won the 51st National Film Awards, 2005 in the category of Best Feature film on National Integration also called ‘Nargis Dutt Award’ – Pinjar (Hindi)
8. Who has won Dada Saheb Falke Award, 2003 declared in the National Film Award ceremony, 2005 -Ashok Kumar (Posthumously)
9. Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam, the President of India is the author of the book – The Wings of Fire and Ignited Minds
10. Nanavathi Commission relates to - Terrorists attack in Indian Parliament
11. A.D. stands for – Anno Domini
12. Tony Blair, Prime minister of Britain, belongs to – Labour Party
13. RSVP stands for - Respondez S’il Vous Plait
14. The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to ……. in 1901 – J.H.Dunant
15.Which French Engineer designed the structure of the statute of liberty –
16.Which of the following is called the Mother of all Parliaments – The British Parliaments .
17. As per Human Development Report of 2004, what is full form of HDI – Human Development Index.
18. Alagh Committee relates to – Civil Services Examination.
19.. Treaty on ‘Ozone depletion’ – Montreal Treaty.
20.. First Chief Election Commissioner of India was – Sukumar Sen.
21.. East Timor received independence in 2002 from – Indonesia
22. First woman Prime Minister in the world was of – Sri Lanka.
23. Gratuity is paid at the rate of 15 Days wages for each completed year of service .
24. Postal service in India was opened to the public in 1837.
25. The person was facilitated with ‘Nishan-e-Pakistan’ – Dilip Kumar
26. The author of the book ‘Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince’is –J.K.Rowling.
27. ‘Fallujah’ city, which was recently in news, is in -Iraq
28. The Government of India recently announced a special development package of Rs. 250 crode for the development of –Manipur
29. M.S. Subbalakshmi who died recently was a famous –Classical Singer.
30. In Which country a non-resident Indian Mr. Bobby Jindal recently won the Parliamentary elections? –US
31. Where is Halebid–a place Which is well Knon for its elaboratedly sculptured temples of the Hoysala eriod?-Karnataka
32.Where is Meenakshi-a famous Hindu temple? –Madurai
33. Where is Sriharikota , India’s satellite launching centre? Andhra Pradesh
34. The Tower of Victory’ is Iocated in- Rajasthan.exander
35.Alexander Graham bell is credited with the invention of-Telephone.
36. ‘The Television’ was invented by-J.L.Baird.
37.where is the longest railway playtform in the world - Kharagpur
38. which of the following countries is called the land of white elephant - Thailand
39. The capital of Greece is – Athens
40.The Headquarters of United Nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO) are located in-Paris.
41.Who is the first Indian recipient of the Olympic Gold Order-Indira Gandhi…`
42.The Largest monument in the world Quetzalcoatl Pyramid is in-Cairo
43.Which planets of our solar system do not have moons-Mercury and Venus.
44. Two of Ashoka’ s lion pillars built in the 3rd century B.C. stand perfectly preserved even today at their original location. One is at Lauriya Nandangarh. Where is the other?- Sarnath
45.Which article of the constitution of India provides for the post of Governor of state?-Article153
46.In which State is the Sun Temple Suryan Kovil located? –Tamil Nadu
47.At which of the following Olympic Games did the lndian Hockey team win its first gold medal?-Amsterdam
48. First Chief Election Commissioner of India was – Sukumar Sen.
49. East Timor received independence in 2002 from – Indonesia.
50. First woman Prime Minister in the world was of – Sri Lanka.
51. Deficiency disease Vitamin A-Night Blindness, Vitamin B –beriberi, Vitamin C – scurvy
Vitamin D –Rickets, Vitamin E-Skin and hair disease, Vitamin K – Clotting of Blood.
52. Rich sources of Vitamin A- Carrots, PEM- Protein Energy Malnutrients.
53..Disease due to deficiency of Iron – Anemia, Life time of RBC – 120 Days
Information and Communication Technology
Communication: Introduction
Communication is an indispensable tool in all areas of human interaction. But it is a process that is complex. The extent of its complexity can be seen in the variety of ways in which it can be defined.
Thus, communication is any behaviour, verbal, nonverbal or graphic that is perceived by another. It involves a web of activities that differ in different situations. In the workplace, for example, you would probably communicate differently when talking formally to customers as compared to informally with a peer. How you perceive the situation will often determine your communication behavior.
Forms and Types of Communication
People communicate with each other in a variety of ways that depend on the message they want to send and the context in which it is to be sent. As a result there are a variety of forms and types of communication such as e-mail, face-to-face, telephone, meetings, corridor conversations and seminars. Dwyer categorises these into
three forms of communication - verbal, nonverbal and graphic
four types of communication - intrapersonal, interpersonal, public and mass.
Communication Models and Theories
Communication is a dynamic and interactive process'. Just as there are many definitions of communication, so there are many models of communication, each providing different views of how people transfer and interpret information. Like a jigsaw puzzle, each model provides a part of the picture, but no one model seems to cover all aspects.
Berlo's Model
Berlo's focus remained on the transmission model of communication. However, he introduced more of the human elements, such as the relationship between the message channel and the five senses
Effective communication involves both the sender and the receiver. The sender must be as clear as possible and the receiver must signal understanding or clarification. It involves both content and relationship elements
content = message, idea
relationship = emotions, power, status
personal Encoding and decoding are based on a person's perception of the world.
The Transmission Model
The transmission model is concerned with the transfer of meaning from the sender to the receiver . Communication is a one way process.
The Process Model
The transmission model was subsequently adapted to form the process models in which people transmit, receive, interpret and respond to messages with feedback. The process models have seven main elements:
Sender
Message
Receiver
Feedback
Channel
Context or setting (environment)
Noise or interference
In the process models, a message is encoded by the sender through a communication channel, such as voice or body language, and then decoded by the receiver. The receiver then provides feedback. The process is influenced by the context of the situation and any noise or interference.
Notes on Communication: Continued
Communication Barriers
Ineffective communication can lead to errors, misunderstanding, poor performance, lower motivation and morale, negative feelings in the workplace and many other issues that may detract from achieving organisational goals. It is, therefore, important to try to minimise barriers to effective and efficient communication: communication barriers distort or interrupt the message and its meaning
Organizational Communication
Communication in an organisation may be used to influence, inform, control or inspire. Organisational communication can be divided into two broad categories - formal or structured (within the 'systems' established by management) and informal (as when co-workers chat about company matters). Both areas are significant and both need to be 'healthy' for the organisation to be healthy.
Formal Communication Channels and Networks
Formal communication channels follow the organisational structure or hierarchy and flow in four directions:
These four directions in which communication can travel are: downward; upward; lateral or horizontal; and diagonal.
Downward (1) communication involves communication from higher to lower levels so that leadership can communicate goals, strategies or role expectations.
Upward (2) communication flows from lower levels to higher levels of the organisation, for example, when there is a need to communicate problems, results or suggestions.
Horizontal (3) communication occurs across the same level and involves for example, coordination of activities with peers (teams, committees), dissemination of useful information from one department to another (for example sales forecasts from the sales department to production, and problems such as a problem with product design from the production department to research and development). Horizontal communication facilitates the l inking of different areas of expertise and this may encourage innovation.
Diagonal (4) channels may potentially cause conflict as they involve communication between the lower level of one department to a higher level in another. In the diagram above, this may cause friction between the employee in accounting department C and the Vice-President (VP) of Accounting as the employee has gone around his or her own superior. Nevertheless this type of communication may be useful as it may simply be information relevant to the Marketing Department and the VP Accounting does not need to be involved.
Formal communication networks also occur within the hierarchy of the organisation and reflect how groups of employees, for example those in a department, work together. Networking or mapping the flow of communication in an organisation can be a useful device. This can identify who is communicating with whom and whether the lines of communication are effective and efficient, or whether there is potential for destructive conflict or tension arising from the communication channels (for example, inappropriate diagonal communication).
Formal Communication: Problems and Solutions
Many communication problems arise from the structure of the organisation. Dwyer mentions three related organisational factors: centralisation; the creation of too many organisational layers; and the structure of the organisation. Other factors may include downsizing which leads to ambiguous reporting structure and poor leadership. Many of these problems may be overcome by:
analysing the organisation structure and communication networks for barriers to effectiveness and efficiency
ensuring downsizing is well planned and the 'survivors' (those left in the organisation) understand the impact of the process on communication networks and procedures
recruiting for competent communication, particularly when recruiting for leadership roles.
Informal Communication
Informal organisational communication exists outside the formal lines of the organisational structure. An example of this is friendship groups. The informal communication channel serves two main purposes: it permits employees to satisfy their need for social interaction in the workplace and it can improve an organisation's performance by creating alternative, and frequently faster and more efficient, channels of communication (Robbins et al. 2000).
One of the most common forms of informal communication is 'the grapevine'. According to Kreitner and Kinicki (1995) the term grapevine originated from the American Civil War practice of stringing battlefield telegraph lines between trees as a means of efficient communication. Now it supplements the formal channels of communication.
UGC Notes: Research Methodology and Aptitude
Types of Research - Definitions
Action research is a methodology that combines action and research to examine specific questions, issues or phenomena through observation and reflection, and deliberate intervention to improve practice.
Applied research is research undertaken to solve practical problems rather than to acquire knowledge for knowledge sake.
Basic research is experimental and theoretical work undertaken to acquire new knowledge without looking for long-term benefits other than the advancement of knowledge.
Qualitative research is research undertaken to gain insights concerning attitudes, beliefs, motivations and behaviours of individuals to explore a social or human problem and include methods such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, observation research and case studies.
Quantitative research is research concerned with the measurement of attitudes, behaviours and perceptions and includes interviewing methods such as telephone, intercept and door-to-door interviews as well as self-completion methods such as mail outs and online surveys.
Three basic types of questions that research projects:
Descriptive: When a study is designed primarily to describe what is going on or what exists. Public opinion polls that seek only to describe the proportion of people who hold various opinions are primarily descriptive in nature. For instance, if we want to know what percent of the population would vote for a BJP or Congress in the next election, we are simply interested in describing something.
Relational: When a study is designed to look at the relationships between two or more variables. A public opinion poll that compares what proportion of males and females say they would vote for a BJP or Congress candidate in the next election is essentially studying the relationship between gender and voting preference.
Causal: When a study is designed to determine whether one or more variables (e.g., a program or treatment variable) causes or affects one or more outcome variables. If we did a public opinion poll to try to determine whether a recent political advertising campaign changed voter preferences, we would essentially be studying whether the campaign (cause) changed the proportion of voters who would vote BJP or Congress (effect).
Time is an important element of any research design. The most fundamental distinctions in research design nomenclature: cross-sectional versus longitudinal studies. A cross-sectional study is one that takes place at a single point in time. In effect, we are taking a 'slice' or cross-section of whatever it is we're observing or measuring. A longitudinal study is one that takes place over time -- we have at least two (and often more) waves of measurement in a longitudinal design.
A variable is any entity that can take on different values. Anything that can vary can be considered a variable. For instance, age can be considered a variable because age can take different values for different people or for the same person at different times. Similarly, country can be considered a variable because a person's country can be assigned a value.
There is a distinction between an independent and dependent variable. In fact the independent variable is what you (or nature) manipulates -- a treatment or program or cause. The dependent variable is what is affected by the independent variable -- your effects or outcomes. For example, if you are studying the effects of a new educational program on student achievement, the program is the independent variable and your measures of achievement are the dependent ones.
A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. It describes in concrete (rather than theoretical) terms what you expect will happen in your study. Not all studies have hypotheses. Sometimes a study is designed to be exploratory.
UGC Notes: Research Methodology and Aptitude
Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e.g., people) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen. A response is a specific measurement value that a sampling unit supplies. If you measure the entire population and calculate a value like a mean or average, it is called parameter of the population. The distribution of an infinite number of samples of the same size as the sample in your study is known as the sampling distribution.
In sampling contexts, the standard error is called sampling error. Sampling error gives us some idea of the precision of our statistical estimate. A low sampling error means that we had relatively less variability or range in the sampling distribution. How do we calculate sampling error? on the standard deviation of our sample. The greater the sample standard deviation, the greater the standard error /the sampling error. The standard error is also related to the sample size. The greater your sample size, the smaller the standard error. Because the greater the sample size, the closer your sample is to the actual population itself. If you take a sample that consists of the entire population you actually have no sampling error because you don't have a sample, you have the entire population. In that case, the mean you estimate is the parameter.
Probability sampling method is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection such as picking a name out of a hat, or choosing the short straw.
The simplest form of random sampling is called simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is simple to accomplish and is easy to explain to others. Because simple random sampling is a fair way to select a sample, it is reasonable to generalize the results from the sample back to the population. Simple random sampling is not the most statistically efficient method of sampling and you may, just because of the luck of the draw, not get good representation of subgroups in a population.
Stratified Random Sampling, also sometimes called proportional or quota random sampling, involves dividing your population into homogeneous subgroups and then taking a simple random sample in each subgroup. It assures that you will be able to represent not only the overall population, but also key subgroups of the population, especially small minority groups. Second, stratified random sampling will generally have more statistical precision than simple random sampling. This will only be true if the strata or groups are homogeneous.
The problem with random sampling methods when we have to sample a population that's disbursed across a wide geographic region is that you will have to cover a lot of ground geographically in order to get to each of the units you sampled. It is for precisely this problem that cluster or area random sampling was invented. In cluster sampling, we follow these steps:
1. divide population into clusters (usually along geographic boundaries)
2. randomly sample clusters
3. measure all units within sampled clusters
Non-probability sampling. The difference between nonprobability and probability sampling is that nonprobability sampling does not involve random selection and probability sampling does. We can divide nonprobability sampling methods into two broad types: accidental or purposive. In accidental sampling, sample is chosen accidently and we have no evidence that they are representative of the populations we're interested in generalizing to and in many cases we would clearly suspect that they are not. e.g. college students in some psychological survey. In purposive sampling, we sample with a purpose in mind. We usually would have one or more specific predefined groups we are seeking. For instance, have you ever run into people in a mall or on the street who are carrying a clipboard and who are stopping various people and asking if they could interview them? Most likely they are conducting a purposive sample. Purposive sampling can be very useful for situations where you need to reach a targeted sample quickly and where sampling for proportionality is not the primary concern. With a purposive sample, you are likely to get the opinions of your target population, but you are also likely to overweight subgroups in your population that are more readily accessible.
One of purposive sampling is quota sampling. In quota sampling, you select people nonrandomly according to some fixed quota. There are two types of quota sampling: proportional and non proportional. In proportional quota sampling you want to represent the major characteristics of the population by sampling a proportional amount of each. e.g. getting 40% females from a population of say 1000.
Then there is snowball sampling. In snowball sampling, you begin by identifying someone who meets the criteria for inclusion in your study. You then ask them to recommend others who they may know who also meet the criteria.
Research Design
Research design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment work together to try to address the central research questions. Design can be either experimental or non-experimental.
Data analysis is the last part of the research. In most social research the data analysis involves three major steps, done in roughly this order:
Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data Preparation)
Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics)
Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential Statistics)
Data Preparation involves checking or logging the data in; checking the data for accuracy; entering the data into the computer; transforming the data; and developing and documenting a database structure that integrates the various measures.
Descriptive Statistics are used to describe the basic features of the data in a study. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of virtually every quantitative analysis of data. With descriptive statistics you are simply describing what is, what the data shows.
Inferential Statistics investigate questions, models and hypotheses. In many cases, the conclusions from inferential statistics extend beyond the immediate data alone. For instance, we use inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what the population thinks. Or, we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by chance in this study. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.
UGC NET Quick Links: Exam Scheme Syllabus Books Study Materialwww.examrace.com
TEACHING AND RESEARCH POTENTIAL
• Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti was registered as a society on –15 August 1950
• Who was the Chairman of the first Indian Education Commission –Sir John Hunter
• Who organizes the National Talent Search Competitive Test –N.C.E.R.T.
• When was Central Advisory Board of Education set up –1956
• Navodaya Vidyalayas have been set up –In Rural Areas
• The programme Gyan Vani is broadcasted by –AIR
• When was N.C.E.R.T. Established –2nd Oct. 1971
• In 1936-37 who submitted the report on technical Education –Abbot
• Who conducts the admission test for Novdaya Vidyalayas –N.C.E.R.T.
• Who was the chairperson of Wardha Scheme –Zakir Hussain
• National law school of India is situated at –Bangalor
• A.I.C.T.E. stands for –All India Council of Technical Education
• In which year University Grants Commission Act was passed –1956 A.D.
• The central Institude of Indian Languages is located at –Mysore
• Which Organization was established during Bengal Partition –National Council of Education
• Which was the first University to be opened in Britishers time ? –Calcutta University
• To whom did Lord Macaulay present the famous Macaulay’s minute ? –Lord Bentinck
• In which year C.B.S.E. set up open school ? –1985
• What was the other name for hunter commission –Indian Education Commission
• What amount was sanctioned by Charter Act of 1813 to be spent on education ? –One Lakh
• Reshtriya Sanskrit Sansthan has its head quarters at –New Delhi
• Which is the first open University of India ? –Indira Gandhi open University New Delhi
• What is the Minimum qualification requird to appear in any examination of the Open University ? –No Minimum qulification
• Regional College of Education for the Northern region is located at –Ajmer
• Where is situated the Regional College of Education for the eastem region ? –Bhuvaneshwar
• Where is Regional College of Education for Western region ? –Ujjain
• Regional College of Education for the Southern region is at –Mysore
• The Regional Colleges of Education were set up by the N.C.E.R.T. with the co-operation of –Planning Commission of India
• Generally the medium of instruction in Public School is –English
• The famous Doon Public School is located at –Dehra Dun
• The famous Doon Public School Bishop Cotton is situated at –Shimla
• The famous Lawrence Public School is at –Sanawar
• The famous Shivaji Public School is at –Pune
• The famous Air Force Central School is situated at –Delhi Cantt
• Tamil Nadu has a Sainik School at –Amrauathinagar
• The Sainik School in Orissa is at –Bhuvaneshwar
• The Sainik School in Karnataka is at –Bijapur
• Gandhi had which Educational Degree ? –Law
• Gandhi got his law Degree from –England
• Where did Gandhi as a teacher ? –South Africa
• Who said “A cowardly teacher cannot make his students valiant ? –M.K. Gandhi
• Effective teaching is a function of -Teacher’s methodology
• What should be the attitude of the teacher towards school authorities ? –Cordial
• The attitude of teacher towards new idea should be –Receptive
• Teachers should be made accountable for –Teaching
• An excellent teacher must be –Good guide
• As a teacher, you are never supposed to be angry –I am a human and can also be angry
• What is your Prime duty as a teacher ? –To help the student in understanding Physical and Social Environment
• What is the best Quality of the teacher ? –good human subject being
• The enthusiastic teachers generally ? –involve the students in learning–teaching process
• A teacher has better chances of succeeding if ? –he is properly trained for the profession
• Does the teachers enjoy the freedom to make their syllabus flexible ? –False
• A good teacher can overcome the defects of ? –System
• A quality teacher always reaches the school ? –Before the morning assembly is over
• Why you want to make teaching as a career ? –it make you eligible for the profession in ten months
• Generally a good number of students do not like to go to the class rooms because- the curriculum is dull
• What is attitude –feeling
• A good teacher priority in school is his –students
• People’s attitude towards teaching is becoming positive because – perceiving teaching as a profession
• Who can be creative teacher- develop thinking ability among the students
• Among the students faith in the human values can be generated through – Moral Education
• If as teacher you give too much liberty to students what will be result – indiscipline in the class room
• If some one does not agree with you what will you do – polite explain your view point to him
• As a teacher what means of recreation will you like to prefer – literary magazines and news papers
• A teacher always learns and he learns from – Students
• What enhances the status and respect of a teacher – community service
• Why a teacher fails in maintaining discipline in the class – because he lacks consistency in his approach to discipline
• What type behavior is expected from a teacher in the class room – calm, dignified and composed
• Why a teacher should be lover of sports – it encourages the students to take part in sports
• Who was the Chairman of the first Indian Education Commission –Sir John Hunter
• Who organizes the National Talent Search Competitive Test –N.C.E.R.T.
• When was Central Advisory Board of Education set up –1956
• Navodaya Vidyalayas have been set up –In Rural Areas
• The programme Gyan Vani is broadcasted by –AIR
• When was N.C.E.R.T. Established –2nd Oct. 1971
• In 1936-37 who submitted the report on technical Education –Abbot
• Who conducts the admission test for Novdaya Vidyalayas –N.C.E.R.T.
• Who was the chairperson of Wardha Scheme –Zakir Hussain
• National law school of India is situated at –Bangalor
• A.I.C.T.E. stands for –All India Council of Technical Education
• In which year University Grants Commission Act was passed –1956 A.D.
• The central Institude of Indian Languages is located at –Mysore
• Which Organization was established during Bengal Partition –National Council of Education
• Which was the first University to be opened in Britishers time ? –Calcutta University
• To whom did Lord Macaulay present the famous Macaulay’s minute ? –Lord Bentinck
• In which year C.B.S.E. set up open school ? –1985
• What was the other name for hunter commission –Indian Education Commission
• What amount was sanctioned by Charter Act of 1813 to be spent on education ? –One Lakh
• Reshtriya Sanskrit Sansthan has its head quarters at –New Delhi
• Which is the first open University of India ? –Indira Gandhi open University New Delhi
• What is the Minimum qualification requird to appear in any examination of the Open University ? –No Minimum qulification
• Regional College of Education for the Northern region is located at –Ajmer
• Where is situated the Regional College of Education for the eastem region ? –Bhuvaneshwar
• Where is Regional College of Education for Western region ? –Ujjain
• Regional College of Education for the Southern region is at –Mysore
• The Regional Colleges of Education were set up by the N.C.E.R.T. with the co-operation of –Planning Commission of India
• Generally the medium of instruction in Public School is –English
• The famous Doon Public School is located at –Dehra Dun
• The famous Doon Public School Bishop Cotton is situated at –Shimla
• The famous Lawrence Public School is at –Sanawar
• The famous Shivaji Public School is at –Pune
• The famous Air Force Central School is situated at –Delhi Cantt
• Tamil Nadu has a Sainik School at –Amrauathinagar
• The Sainik School in Orissa is at –Bhuvaneshwar
• The Sainik School in Karnataka is at –Bijapur
• Gandhi had which Educational Degree ? –Law
• Gandhi got his law Degree from –England
• Where did Gandhi as a teacher ? –South Africa
• Who said “A cowardly teacher cannot make his students valiant ? –M.K. Gandhi
• Effective teaching is a function of -Teacher’s methodology
• What should be the attitude of the teacher towards school authorities ? –Cordial
• The attitude of teacher towards new idea should be –Receptive
• Teachers should be made accountable for –Teaching
• An excellent teacher must be –Good guide
• As a teacher, you are never supposed to be angry –I am a human and can also be angry
• What is your Prime duty as a teacher ? –To help the student in understanding Physical and Social Environment
• What is the best Quality of the teacher ? –good human subject being
• The enthusiastic teachers generally ? –involve the students in learning–teaching process
• A teacher has better chances of succeeding if ? –he is properly trained for the profession
• Does the teachers enjoy the freedom to make their syllabus flexible ? –False
• A good teacher can overcome the defects of ? –System
• A quality teacher always reaches the school ? –Before the morning assembly is over
• Why you want to make teaching as a career ? –it make you eligible for the profession in ten months
• Generally a good number of students do not like to go to the class rooms because- the curriculum is dull
• What is attitude –feeling
• A good teacher priority in school is his –students
• People’s attitude towards teaching is becoming positive because – perceiving teaching as a profession
• Who can be creative teacher- develop thinking ability among the students
• Among the students faith in the human values can be generated through – Moral Education
• If as teacher you give too much liberty to students what will be result – indiscipline in the class room
• If some one does not agree with you what will you do – polite explain your view point to him
• As a teacher what means of recreation will you like to prefer – literary magazines and news papers
• A teacher always learns and he learns from – Students
• What enhances the status and respect of a teacher – community service
• Why a teacher fails in maintaining discipline in the class – because he lacks consistency in his approach to discipline
• What type behavior is expected from a teacher in the class room – calm, dignified and composed
• Why a teacher should be lover of sports – it encourages the students to take part in sports
Paper 1 UGC NET
1. “Because you deserve to know” is the punch-line of which newspaper?
a. The Hindu.
b. The Times of India.
c. The Indian Express.
d. The Hindustan Times.
(The answer, apparently is The Hindustan Times. Source)
2. Which Article of the Constitution of India protects the rights of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their own choice?
a. Article 29.
b. Article 26.
c. Article 30.
3. Which committee’s recommendation lead to the establishment of the University Grants Commission?
a. S Radhakrishnan Committee.
b. Mudaliar Committee.
4. Which of the following pair is incorrectly matched?
a. N. Ram : The Hindu.
b. Barkha Dutt : Zee News.
c. Pranav Roy : NDTV 24×7.
d. Prabhu Chawla : Aaj Tak.
5. Which is the following is a 24 hours English business news channel?
a. CNBC.
b. Zee News.
c. India News.
d. NDTV 24×7.
6. Which number will come in the series 8, 24, 12, ? , 18, 54:
a. 26.
b. 32.
c. 36.
7. What is a modem?
a. Operating System.
b. Digital to analog signal converter.
8. Gave a series of pH values 4, 5, 7 and 8 and asked each pH to be correctly matched with the correct comments - moderate acid, alkaline, neutral, dangerous.
9. Absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater leads to:
a. Salinity.
b. Raising sea level.
c. Increased plankton growth.
10. What is largest contributor to carbon dioxide emission in India?
a. Burning coal.
b. Firewood.
11. In which year was the United Nations established?
a.1944.
b.1945.
c. 1946.
12. The sides of triangle are in the ratio of 1/2 : 2/3 : 3/4 . The area of this triangle is 54 cm. What is the length of its shortest side?
[The following three question was based on a graph. The X axis carried the name of companies A, B, C, D, E and F. The Y axis represented their profits; 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and so on. On this was plotted the lines of profit, one each representing the year 2001 and the year 2001. This was followed by three questions. * Here’s a rough sketch.]
13. Which company earned maximum profit in the year 2001?
14. Which company earned minimum profit in the year 2000?
15.Which company earned maximum average profit over the years 2000 and 2001?
16. The question provided for five sections of a class, the number of students in each section and the mean of marks for each section.
Section - No. of Students in the Section - Mean marks of the Section #
A - 10 - 30
B - 40 - 20
C - 10 - 15
D - 15 - 20
E - 20 - 10
What is the overall mean marks of all the students?
[Next three questions were from a passage on movies followed by three straightforward question. Of course the questions won’t make any sense here, without the passage itself. Suffice it to say that they were child's play. Remember that the answers were from the passage itself, and not what the candidate thought correct or latest information as a matter of fact.]
17. What word could Yash Chopra not pronounce?
a. Zeistgeist.
18. What was the costume of the heroine in Veer Zarra?
19 .Which is the latest Yash Chopra movie?
20. Who made the movie Lamhe?
21. With which movie is associated?
a. Desh Ki Dharti
22.What dooes LAN stand for?
a. Local Area Network
23. What is the URL of an email?
a. www@mail.com
b. WWW@mail.com
c. www_mail.com
d. www.mail.com
24. Which of the following is not a research method?
a. Philosophy
b. Observation
25. Research can be grouped as the following kinds, except (options gave types of research)
a. Action method.
b. Philosophical & historical method.
26. What is necessary to become a researcher?
a. A post-graduation degree.
b. Analytical and reasoning mind.
27. Which of the following is am not instructional tool?
a. Overhead projector.
b. Transparency.
c. Cassette.
d. Printed material.
28. Which of the following about lecture method is not correct?
a. It is passive.
b. It can give knowledge.
c. It can develop reasoning.
d. It is a one way process.
29. What is the aim of higher education; to enable students to?
a. Take decisions.
b. Pass exams.
c. Ask questions in lecture.
30. Which of the following is incorrect?
a. Sharmila Tagore is the Chairperson of National Films Development Corporation.
b. Preity Zinta, Yash Chopra are recipients of Dada Sahib Phalke award.
c. Yash Chopra is a member of Certification Board.
d. Hema Malini is the Chairperson of Children’s Film Society of India.
31. Which of the following statements about computers is correct:
a. Fast and accurate processing of qualitative and qualitative data.
b. Processing quantitative data only.
c. Processing qualitative data only.
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This sample paper in for Paper I of the UGC NET Exam which is common for all streams.
1. Which one of the following is the main objective of teaching?
(A) To give information related to the syllabus.
(B) To develop thinking power of students.
(C) To dictate notes to students.
(D) To prepare students to pass the examination.
2. Which one of the following is a good method of teaching?
(A) Lecture and Dictation
(B) Seminar and Project
(C) Seminar and Dictation
(D) Dictation and Assignment
3. Teacher uses teaching aids for
(A) Making teaching interesting
(B) Making teaching within understanding level of students
(C) Making students attentive.
(D) The sake of its use.
4. Effectiveness of teaching depends on
(A) Qualification of teacher
(B) Personality of teacher
(C) Handwriting of teacher
(D) Subject understanding of teacher
5. Which of the following is not characteristic of a good question paper?
(A) Objectivity
(B) Subjectivity
(C) No use of vague words
(D) Reliable.
6. A researcher is generally expected to:
(A) Study the existing literature in a field
(B) Generate new principles and theories
(C) Synthesize the idea given by others
(D) Evaluate the findings of a study
7. One of the essential characteristics of research is:
(A) Replicability
(B) Generalizability
(C) Usability
(D) Objectivity
8. The Government of India conducts Census after every 10 years. The method of research used in this process is:
(A) Case Study
(B) Developmental
(C) Survey
(D) Experimental
9. An academic association assembled at one place to discuss the progress of its work and future plans. Such an assembly is known as a
(A) Conference
(B) Seminar
(C) Workshop
(D) Symposium
10. An investigator studied the census date for a given area and prepared a write-up based on them. Such a write-up is called
(A) Research paper
(B) Article
(C) Thesis
(D) Research report
Read the following passage and answer the Question Nos. 11 to 15
The constitution guarantees every citizen the fundamental right to equality. Yet after 50 years of independence, just one perusal of the female infant mortality figures, the literacy rates and the employment opportunities for women is sufficient evidence that discrimination exists. Almost predictably, this gender, bias is evident in our political system as well. In the 13th Lok Sabha, there were only 43 women MPs out of total of 543; it is not a surprising figure, for never has women's representation in Parliament been more than 10 per cent.
Historically, the manifestos of major political have always encouraged women's participation. It has been merely a charade. So, women's organizations, denied a place on merit, opted for the last resort; a reservation of seats for women in parliament and State Assemblies. Parties, which look at everything with a vote bank in mind, seemed to endorse this. Alas, this too was a mirage.
But there is another aspect also. At a time when caste is the trump card, some politicians want the bill to include further quotas fro women from among minorities and backward castes. There is more to it. A survey shows that there is a general antipathy towards the bill. It is actually a classic case of doublespeak: in public, politicians were endorsing women's reservation but in the backrooms of Parliament, they were busy sabotaging it. The reasons are clear: Men just don't want to vacate their seats of power.
11. The problem raised in the passage reflects badly on our
(A) Political system
(B) Social behaviour
(C) Individual behaviour
(D) Behaviour of a group of people
12. According to the passage, political parties have mostly in mind
(A) Economic prosperity
(B) Vote bank
(C) People' welfare
(D) Patriotism
13. "Trump Card" means
(A) Trying to move a dead horse
(B) Playing the card cautiously
(C) Sabotaging all the moves by others
(D) Making the final jolt for success
14. The sentence "Men just don't want to vacate their seats of power" implies
(A) Lust for power
(B) Desire to serve the nation
(C) Conviction in one's own political abilities
(D) Political corruption
15. What is the percentage of women in the Lok Sabha
(A) 10
(B) 7. 91
(C) 43
(D) 9. 1
16. Informal communication network within the organization is knows as
(A) Interpersonal communication
(B) Intrapersonal Communication
(C) Mass Communication
(D) Grapevine Communication
17. TV Channel launched fro covering only Engineering and Technology subject is known as
(A) Gyan Darshan
(B) Vyas
(C) Eklavya
(D) Kisan
18. In which state the maximum number of periodicals are brought out for public information:
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Punjab
19. The main objective of public broadcasting system i. e Prasar Bharti is
(A) Inform, Entertainment & Education
(B) Entertain, Information & Interaction
(C) Educate, Interact & entertain
(D) Entertainment only
20. The competerrcy of an effective communicator can be judged on the basis of:
(A) Personality of communicator
(B) Experience in the field
(C) Interactivity with target audience
(D) Meeting the needs of target audience.
21. Which one of the following belongs to the category of homogeneous date:
(A) Multi-storeyed houses in a colony
(B) Trees in a garden
(C) Vehicular traffic on a highway
(D) Student population in a class
22. In which of the following ways a theory is not different from a belief?
(A) Antecedent - consequent
(B) Acceptability
(C) Verifiability
(D) Demonstratability
23. The state - "Honesty is the best policy" is
(A) A fact
(B) An value
(C) An opinion
(D) A value judgement
24. Which one is like pillar, pole and standard?
(A) Beam
(B) Plank
(C) Shaft
(D) Timber
25. Following incomplete series is presented. Find out the number which should come at the place of question mark which will complete the series: 4, 16, 36, 64, ?
(A) 300
(B) 200
(C) 100
(D) 150
26. The following question is based on the diagram given below. If the two big circles represent animals living on soil and those living in water, and the small circle stands for the animals who both live on soil and in water, which figure represents the relationships among them.
27. Of the following statement, there are two statements both of which cannot be true but both can be false. Which are these two statements?
(i) All machines make noise
(ii) Some machines are noisy
(iii) No machine makes noise
(iv) Some machines are not noisy
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (iii) and (iv)
(C) (i) and (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
28. In the following question a statement is followed by two assumptions.
(i) and (ii) . An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted.
Consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the following assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Statement: We need not worry about errors but must try to learn from our errors.
Assumptions:
(i) Errors may take place when we are carrying out certain work.
(ii) We are capable of benefiting from the past and improve our chances of error-free work.
(A) Only assumption (i) is implicit
(B) Only assumption (ii) is implicit
(C) Either assumption (i) or (ii) is implicit
(D) Both the assumptions are implicit
29. The question below is followed by two arguments numbered (i) and (ii) Decide which of the arguments is 'strong' and which is 'weak'. Choose the correct answer from the given below Should the press exercise some self-restraint?
(i) Yes, they should not publish new items which may incite the readers to indulge in wrong practices.
(ii) No. it is the responsibility of the press to present the truth irrespective of the consequences.
(A) Only the argument (i) is strong
(B) Only the argument (ii) is strong
(C) Neither argument (i) nor (ii) is strong
(D) Both the arguments (i) and (ii) are strong
30. Study the argument and the inference drawn from that argument. Given below carefully.
Argument: Anything that goes up definitely falls down. Helicopter goes up. Inference: So the helicopter will definitely fall down.
What in your opinion is the inference drawn from the argument?
(A) Valid
(B) Invalid
(C) Doubtful
(D) Long drawn one
Four students W, X, Y, Z appeared in four papers, I, II, III and IV in a test. Their scores out of 100 are given below.
Students
Papers
I
II
III
IV
W
60
81
45
55
X
59
43
51
A
Y
74
A
71
65
Z
72
76
A
68
Where 'A' stands for absent
Where 'A' stands for absent
Read the above table and answer below mentioned Questions 31 to 35
31. Which candidate has secured between 60-65% marks in aggregate
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
32. Who has obtained the lowest average in aggregate.
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
33. Who has obtained the highest average
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
34. In which paper the lowest marks were obtained by thecandiates
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
35. Which candidate has secured the highest percentage in the papers appeared
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
36. ICT stands for
(A) Information common technology
(B) Information & communication technology
(C) Information and computer technology
(D) Inter connected technology
37. Computer Can
(A) Process both quantitative and qualitative information
(B) Store huge information
(C) Process information and fast accurately
(D) All the above.
38. Satellite Communication works through
(A) Rader
(B) Transponder
(C) Receptor
(D) Transmitter
39. A Computer is that machine which works more like a human brain. This definition of computer is
(A) Correct
(B) Incorrect
(C) Partially correct
(D) None of the above.
40. Information and communication technology includes
(A) E-mail
(B) Internet
(C) Education television
(D) All the above.
41. It is believed that our globe is warming progressively. This global warming will eventually result in.
(A) Increase in availability of usable land.
(B) Uniformity of climate at equator and poles.
(C) Fall in the sea level
(D) melting of polar ice.
42. In which parts of India ground water is affected with arsenic contamination?
(A) Haryana
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Sikkim
(D) West Bengal
43. Sunderban in Hooghly delta is known for
(A) Grasslands
(B) Conifers
(C) Mangroves
(D) Arid forests
44. Sardar Sarover dam is located on the river
(A) Ganga
(B) Godavari
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Narmada
45. Which one of the following trees has medicinal value?
(A) Pine
(B) Teak
(C) Neem
(D) Oak
46. Which one of the following is not considered a part of technical education in India:
(A) Medical
(B) Management
(C) Pharmaceutical
(D) Aeronautical
47. Which of the following is a Central university
(A) Mumbai University
(B) Calcutta University
(C) Delhi University
(D) Madras University
48. Identify the main Principle on which the Parliamentary System Operates
(A) Responsibility of Executive to Legislature
(B) Supremacy of Parliament
(C) Supremacy of Judiciary
(D) Theory of Separation of Power
49. The reservation of seats for women in the Panchayat Raj Institutions is:
(A) 30 % of the total seats
(B) 33 % of the total seate
(C) 33% of the total population
(D) In Proportion to their population
50. Match list I with list II and select the correct answer from the code given below:
LIST ( Institutions)
LIST II( Locations)
1. Indian Veterinary Research Institute
(i) Pune
2. Institute of Armament Technology
(ii) Izat Nagar
3. Indian Institute of Science
(iii) Delhi
4. National Institute for Educational Pannesi
(iv) Bangalore and Administrators
(A) 1(ii), 2(i), 3(iv), 4(iii)
(B) 1(ii), 2(iv), 3(ii), 4(iii)
(C) 1(ii), 2(iii), 3(i), 4(iv)
(D) 1(iv), 2(iii), 3(ii), 4(i)
Source: Sample Paper based on questions provided by UGC Model Paper.
Answer Key:
1.
B
2.
B
3.
B
4.
D
5.
B
6.
B
7.
D
8.
C
9.
A
10.
B
11.
B
12.
B
13.
D
14.
A
15.
B
16.
D
17.
C
18.
C
19.
A
20.
D
21.
A
22.
B
23.
D
24.
A
25.
A
26.
D
27.
C
28.
D
29.
A
30.
D
31.
A
32.
B
33.
A
34.
B
35.
D
36.
B
37.
D
38.
B
39.
A
40.
D
41.
D
42.
D
43.
C
44.
D
45.
C
46.
A
47.
C
48.
A
49.
B
50.
A
1. If the speed of light (3×108 m/s) and the mean radius of the earth (6×103 km) are taken
to be the units of speed and length respectively, then the value of the new unit of
acceleration expressed in m/s2 will be
1. 1.5 × 1010
2. 50
3. 0.02
4. 1.2 × 105
2. The minimum number of multiplications required to evaluate the expression
a + bx + cx2 + dx3 + ex4 is
1. 4
2. 5
3. 3
4. 7
3. Consider the function
f (x)= x (1− x) for 0≤ x≤1
The function
1. attains minima at x = ½ and ¾.
2. is discontinuous in the given interval
3. is negative at a few points in the given interval.
4. has a maximum at x = ½.
4. Which of the following distributions has the smallest variance?
5. One way to determine whether a number (n) is prime or not is to divide it by
numbers less than itself. The number of divisions required is
1. n/2
2. n − 1
3. 2 n
4. less than n
6. The angular velocity vector of the Earth’s rotation points
1. from east to west
2. from west to east
3. from north to south
4. from south to north
7. The top of a mountain is at an elevation of 45° from one bank of a river and at an
elevation of 60° from the other bank. If the river has a width of 1 km, what is the height
[in km] of the mountain?
1. 1
2
2. 3
3. 3
1+ 3
4. 3
3 −1
8. On a cold day, a copper vessel feels colder to touch than a glass bowl. What is the
reason for this?
1. Glass does not cool down as easily as copper does.
2. Glass is a poor conductor of heat compared to copper.
3. The specific heat of glass is higher than that of copper.
4. Glass radiates more heat than copper does.
9. If the distance between two bodies of masses m1 and m2 is doubled, the gravitational
force between them
1. doubles.
2. halves.
3. becomes one-fourth.
4. remains the same.
10. A cricket ball and a football are dropped simultaneously from the top of Qutub Minar.
Which of the following best describes their subsequent behaviour?
1. They touch the ground at the same instant.
2. They touch the ground with the same velocity.
3. The cricket ball reaches before the football.
4. The football reaches before the cricket ball.
11. A mass m (200 g) slides horizontally due to a downward force applied by a 500 g
weight (as shown in figure). The velocity of the mass m (ignoring friction)
12.
1. increases as a function of time with constant acceleration.
2. remains constant.
3. changes with time with increasing acceleration.
4. changes with time with decreasing acceleration.
12. The O–H bonds in water molecule are polar. The molecule is symmetric and the H–O–H
bond angle is approximately 107°. The dipole moment vector of the molecule is
1. zero
2. along the OH bond
3. randomly oriented
4. along the bisector of the H–O–H angle
13. You wish to observe a small organism closely, using a convex lens. If you wish to
avoid distortion of the image, you should keep the object
1. at a distance greater than the focal length
2. less than the focal length
3. at twice the focal length
4. exactly at the focal length
14. A charged particle moving with a constant velocity enters a magnetic field
perpendicular to its velocity. In which direction y an electric field should be applied to
compensate the magnetic force?
1. Along the initial velocity
2. Perpendicular to the initial velocity and parallel to the magnetic field
3. Perpendicular to both, the initial velocity and the magnetic field
4. Along the magnetic field
15. Two pendula of lengths l1 and l2 (= 2l1) have the same period at two different
locations. The accelerations due to gravity at these two locations, g1 and g2, are related
by
1. g1 = g2
2. g1 = 2g2
3. g2 = 2g1
4. g2 = 4g1
16. Water rises naturally out of an artesian well because
1. the water has lots of dissolved gases
2. the water table is at the ground level
3. the water table is below the ground level
4. the water table is above the ground level
17. Although, we know from chemical evidence that life on Earth evolved as early as 3.5
billion years ago, the most ancient available fossils are only 0.54 billion years old. This is
because
1. acidic ocean dissolved all life forms
2. early life forms were soft bodied
3. rocks older than 0.54 billion years do not exist
4. a large asteroid impact destroyed all earlier records
18. During α-decay of a radioactive atom, the mass number reduces by 4 units and the atomic
number decreases by 2 units. How many α-particles will be generated during the decay
of a 238
92U atom to a 206
82 Pb atom.
1. 8
2. 16
3. 10
4. 5
19. Depletion of ozone layer and formation of ozone hole in polar regions is a phenomenon
occurring in the
1. troposphere.
2. mesosphere.
3. stratosphere.
4. thermosphere.
20. Sea levels are predicted to rise in the near future mainly due to
1. sinking of landmass
2. increased rainfall
3. gravitational pull of the moon
4. melting of glaciers.
21. The pH value of distilled water is always below 7. This is because
1. distillation reduces the ionic product of water.
2. during distillation inorganic salts are removed.
3. nitrogen from air gets dissolved in it.
4. CO2 from air dissolves in it.
22. Photosynthesis in water bodies is restricted to a certain depth. This is mainly
because
1. temperature decreases with depth
2. light intensity decreases with depth
3. dissolved CO2 is available only to a certain depth
4. nutrients are available only to a certain depth
23. The velocity of P (pressure) and S (shear) seismic waves depends on the
compressibility, shear modulus and density of the medium. The inner core of the Earth
is inferred to be liquid using seismic wave travel time. This is because
1. the density of the inner core is the highest.
2. the inner core has a very high compressibility.
3. both P and S waves pass through the inner core.
4. the S wave does not pass through the inner core.
24. One of the following chemicals used as food preservative is
1. sodium benzoate
2. sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate
3. ethylene glycol
4. aspartic acid
25. Qualitative analysis of Al3+ in presence of Fe3+ and Cr3+ is based on
1. reducing nature of Fe3+
2. oxidizing nature of Cr3+
3. amphoteric nature of Fe3+
4. amphoteric nature of Al3+ and Cr3+
26. Hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride in presence of aqueous alkali produces t-butyl alcohol.
The rate of hydrolysis depends on
1. concentration of t-butyl chloride
2. concentration of alkali
3. amount of water
4. concentration of both alkali and t-butyl chloride
27. Which one of the following would give natural rubber upon polymerisation?
1. CH3 – CH2 = CH2
H CH3
| |
2 n-propyl– C = C–CH =CH2
CH3 CH3
| |
3. H3C – C = C – CH = CH2
CH3
|
4. CH2 = C – CH = CH2
28. The ionization potential (IP) of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. The estimated second IP of
the helium atom (in eV) is
1. 6.8
2. 27.2
3. 54.4
4. 13.6
29. The following molecule has a non-zero dipole moment
1. CH4
2. CO2
3. NH3
4. BF3
30. The oxidation number of Cr in CrO5 is
1. + 6
2. + 3
3. + 10
4. + 5
31.
A B (salt)
Na + H2
(alcohol)
B MeI C (ether)
C Conc. HI MeI
A NaOH/I2 iodoform
heat
The alcohol (A), salt (B) and ether (C), are respectively
1. CH3OH, CH3ONa, CH3-O-CH3
2. CH3OH, C2H5ONa, CH3-O-C2H5
3. C2H5OH, C2H5ONa, C2H5-O-C2H5
4. C2H5OH, C2H5ONa, CH3–O-C2H5
32. In any ecosystem, the primary producers such as photosynthetic plants are the most
abundant and predators such as tigers are the least abundant. The fundamental law
responsible for this pattern is
1. first law of thermodynamics
2. second law of thermodynamics
3. Mendel's laws of genetics
4. law of conservation of mass
33. In the Siberian forests, carbon fixation is expected to be maximum in
1. January
2. July
3. October
4. April
34. Movement of water in a tree takes place in
1. roots only
2. in the central part of the stem
3. in the peripheral part of the stem
4. leaves only
35. Which of the following is not used as a fertilizer?
1. Ammonium nitrate
2. Ammonium phosphate
3. Urea
4. Sodium chloride
36. In DNA, Adenosine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. If Adenosine
constitutes 18% and Guanine constitutes 24% of all nucleotides in a DNA preparation, it
must be a
1. single stranded DNA
2. double stranded DNA
3. very short stretch of double stranded DNA
4. multi-chromosomal DNA
37. A bacterium which is 1 μ in diameter and divides every 20 minutes, forms a 1 mm
diameter colony in 24 hours in a growth medium with limited nutrients. The number of
cells in the colony is approximately
1. 1000
2 . 109
3. 2 × 72
4. 272
38. Burns caused by steam are more serious than burns caused by boiling water because
1. steam has large latent heat
2. steam has a very large specific heat compared to water
3. steam is hotter than boiling water
4. steam being a gas makes easy contact with skin
39. The largest decimal number that a four byte integer can represent is approximately
1. 105
2. 107
3. 109
4. 1011
40. A modern personal computer is capable of multiplying two numbers in a few
1. picoseconds
2. nanoseconds
3. microseconds
4. milliseconds
a. The Hindu.
b. The Times of India.
c. The Indian Express.
d. The Hindustan Times.
(The answer, apparently is The Hindustan Times. Source)
2. Which Article of the Constitution of India protects the rights of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their own choice?
a. Article 29.
b. Article 26.
c. Article 30.
3. Which committee’s recommendation lead to the establishment of the University Grants Commission?
a. S Radhakrishnan Committee.
b. Mudaliar Committee.
4. Which of the following pair is incorrectly matched?
a. N. Ram : The Hindu.
b. Barkha Dutt : Zee News.
c. Pranav Roy : NDTV 24×7.
d. Prabhu Chawla : Aaj Tak.
5. Which is the following is a 24 hours English business news channel?
a. CNBC.
b. Zee News.
c. India News.
d. NDTV 24×7.
6. Which number will come in the series 8, 24, 12, ? , 18, 54:
a. 26.
b. 32.
c. 36.
7. What is a modem?
a. Operating System.
b. Digital to analog signal converter.
8. Gave a series of pH values 4, 5, 7 and 8 and asked each pH to be correctly matched with the correct comments - moderate acid, alkaline, neutral, dangerous.
9. Absorption of carbon dioxide in seawater leads to:
a. Salinity.
b. Raising sea level.
c. Increased plankton growth.
10. What is largest contributor to carbon dioxide emission in India?
a. Burning coal.
b. Firewood.
11. In which year was the United Nations established?
a.1944.
b.1945.
c. 1946.
12. The sides of triangle are in the ratio of 1/2 : 2/3 : 3/4 . The area of this triangle is 54 cm. What is the length of its shortest side?
[The following three question was based on a graph. The X axis carried the name of companies A, B, C, D, E and F. The Y axis represented their profits; 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and so on. On this was plotted the lines of profit, one each representing the year 2001 and the year 2001. This was followed by three questions. * Here’s a rough sketch.]
13. Which company earned maximum profit in the year 2001?
14. Which company earned minimum profit in the year 2000?
15.Which company earned maximum average profit over the years 2000 and 2001?
16. The question provided for five sections of a class, the number of students in each section and the mean of marks for each section.
Section - No. of Students in the Section - Mean marks of the Section #
A - 10 - 30
B - 40 - 20
C - 10 - 15
D - 15 - 20
E - 20 - 10
What is the overall mean marks of all the students?
[Next three questions were from a passage on movies followed by three straightforward question. Of course the questions won’t make any sense here, without the passage itself. Suffice it to say that they were child's play. Remember that the answers were from the passage itself, and not what the candidate thought correct or latest information as a matter of fact.]
17. What word could Yash Chopra not pronounce?
a. Zeistgeist.
18. What was the costume of the heroine in Veer Zarra?
19 .Which is the latest Yash Chopra movie?
20. Who made the movie Lamhe?
21. With which movie is associated?
a. Desh Ki Dharti
22.What dooes LAN stand for?
a. Local Area Network
23. What is the URL of an email?
a. www@mail.com
b. WWW@mail.com
c. www_mail.com
d. www.mail.com
24. Which of the following is not a research method?
a. Philosophy
b. Observation
25. Research can be grouped as the following kinds, except (options gave types of research)
a. Action method.
b. Philosophical & historical method.
26. What is necessary to become a researcher?
a. A post-graduation degree.
b. Analytical and reasoning mind.
27. Which of the following is am not instructional tool?
a. Overhead projector.
b. Transparency.
c. Cassette.
d. Printed material.
28. Which of the following about lecture method is not correct?
a. It is passive.
b. It can give knowledge.
c. It can develop reasoning.
d. It is a one way process.
29. What is the aim of higher education; to enable students to?
a. Take decisions.
b. Pass exams.
c. Ask questions in lecture.
30. Which of the following is incorrect?
a. Sharmila Tagore is the Chairperson of National Films Development Corporation.
b. Preity Zinta, Yash Chopra are recipients of Dada Sahib Phalke award.
c. Yash Chopra is a member of Certification Board.
d. Hema Malini is the Chairperson of Children’s Film Society of India.
31. Which of the following statements about computers is correct:
a. Fast and accurate processing of qualitative and qualitative data.
b. Processing quantitative data only.
c. Processing qualitative data only.
UGC NET Quick Links: Exam Scheme Syllabus Books Study Material Model Papers NCERT Books « U Share Testimonial Coaching Center Website Links Time Management Suggestions Calendar
This sample paper in for Paper I of the UGC NET Exam which is common for all streams.
1. Which one of the following is the main objective of teaching?
(A) To give information related to the syllabus.
(B) To develop thinking power of students.
(C) To dictate notes to students.
(D) To prepare students to pass the examination.
2. Which one of the following is a good method of teaching?
(A) Lecture and Dictation
(B) Seminar and Project
(C) Seminar and Dictation
(D) Dictation and Assignment
3. Teacher uses teaching aids for
(A) Making teaching interesting
(B) Making teaching within understanding level of students
(C) Making students attentive.
(D) The sake of its use.
4. Effectiveness of teaching depends on
(A) Qualification of teacher
(B) Personality of teacher
(C) Handwriting of teacher
(D) Subject understanding of teacher
5. Which of the following is not characteristic of a good question paper?
(A) Objectivity
(B) Subjectivity
(C) No use of vague words
(D) Reliable.
6. A researcher is generally expected to:
(A) Study the existing literature in a field
(B) Generate new principles and theories
(C) Synthesize the idea given by others
(D) Evaluate the findings of a study
7. One of the essential characteristics of research is:
(A) Replicability
(B) Generalizability
(C) Usability
(D) Objectivity
8. The Government of India conducts Census after every 10 years. The method of research used in this process is:
(A) Case Study
(B) Developmental
(C) Survey
(D) Experimental
9. An academic association assembled at one place to discuss the progress of its work and future plans. Such an assembly is known as a
(A) Conference
(B) Seminar
(C) Workshop
(D) Symposium
10. An investigator studied the census date for a given area and prepared a write-up based on them. Such a write-up is called
(A) Research paper
(B) Article
(C) Thesis
(D) Research report
Read the following passage and answer the Question Nos. 11 to 15
The constitution guarantees every citizen the fundamental right to equality. Yet after 50 years of independence, just one perusal of the female infant mortality figures, the literacy rates and the employment opportunities for women is sufficient evidence that discrimination exists. Almost predictably, this gender, bias is evident in our political system as well. In the 13th Lok Sabha, there were only 43 women MPs out of total of 543; it is not a surprising figure, for never has women's representation in Parliament been more than 10 per cent.
Historically, the manifestos of major political have always encouraged women's participation. It has been merely a charade. So, women's organizations, denied a place on merit, opted for the last resort; a reservation of seats for women in parliament and State Assemblies. Parties, which look at everything with a vote bank in mind, seemed to endorse this. Alas, this too was a mirage.
But there is another aspect also. At a time when caste is the trump card, some politicians want the bill to include further quotas fro women from among minorities and backward castes. There is more to it. A survey shows that there is a general antipathy towards the bill. It is actually a classic case of doublespeak: in public, politicians were endorsing women's reservation but in the backrooms of Parliament, they were busy sabotaging it. The reasons are clear: Men just don't want to vacate their seats of power.
11. The problem raised in the passage reflects badly on our
(A) Political system
(B) Social behaviour
(C) Individual behaviour
(D) Behaviour of a group of people
12. According to the passage, political parties have mostly in mind
(A) Economic prosperity
(B) Vote bank
(C) People' welfare
(D) Patriotism
13. "Trump Card" means
(A) Trying to move a dead horse
(B) Playing the card cautiously
(C) Sabotaging all the moves by others
(D) Making the final jolt for success
14. The sentence "Men just don't want to vacate their seats of power" implies
(A) Lust for power
(B) Desire to serve the nation
(C) Conviction in one's own political abilities
(D) Political corruption
15. What is the percentage of women in the Lok Sabha
(A) 10
(B) 7. 91
(C) 43
(D) 9. 1
16. Informal communication network within the organization is knows as
(A) Interpersonal communication
(B) Intrapersonal Communication
(C) Mass Communication
(D) Grapevine Communication
17. TV Channel launched fro covering only Engineering and Technology subject is known as
(A) Gyan Darshan
(B) Vyas
(C) Eklavya
(D) Kisan
18. In which state the maximum number of periodicals are brought out for public information:
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Kerala
(D) Punjab
19. The main objective of public broadcasting system i. e Prasar Bharti is
(A) Inform, Entertainment & Education
(B) Entertain, Information & Interaction
(C) Educate, Interact & entertain
(D) Entertainment only
20. The competerrcy of an effective communicator can be judged on the basis of:
(A) Personality of communicator
(B) Experience in the field
(C) Interactivity with target audience
(D) Meeting the needs of target audience.
21. Which one of the following belongs to the category of homogeneous date:
(A) Multi-storeyed houses in a colony
(B) Trees in a garden
(C) Vehicular traffic on a highway
(D) Student population in a class
22. In which of the following ways a theory is not different from a belief?
(A) Antecedent - consequent
(B) Acceptability
(C) Verifiability
(D) Demonstratability
23. The state - "Honesty is the best policy" is
(A) A fact
(B) An value
(C) An opinion
(D) A value judgement
24. Which one is like pillar, pole and standard?
(A) Beam
(B) Plank
(C) Shaft
(D) Timber
25. Following incomplete series is presented. Find out the number which should come at the place of question mark which will complete the series: 4, 16, 36, 64, ?
(A) 300
(B) 200
(C) 100
(D) 150
26. The following question is based on the diagram given below. If the two big circles represent animals living on soil and those living in water, and the small circle stands for the animals who both live on soil and in water, which figure represents the relationships among them.
27. Of the following statement, there are two statements both of which cannot be true but both can be false. Which are these two statements?
(i) All machines make noise
(ii) Some machines are noisy
(iii) No machine makes noise
(iv) Some machines are not noisy
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (iii) and (iv)
(C) (i) and (iii)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
28. In the following question a statement is followed by two assumptions.
(i) and (ii) . An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted.
Consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the following assumptions is implicit in the statement.
Statement: We need not worry about errors but must try to learn from our errors.
Assumptions:
(i) Errors may take place when we are carrying out certain work.
(ii) We are capable of benefiting from the past and improve our chances of error-free work.
(A) Only assumption (i) is implicit
(B) Only assumption (ii) is implicit
(C) Either assumption (i) or (ii) is implicit
(D) Both the assumptions are implicit
29. The question below is followed by two arguments numbered (i) and (ii) Decide which of the arguments is 'strong' and which is 'weak'. Choose the correct answer from the given below Should the press exercise some self-restraint?
(i) Yes, they should not publish new items which may incite the readers to indulge in wrong practices.
(ii) No. it is the responsibility of the press to present the truth irrespective of the consequences.
(A) Only the argument (i) is strong
(B) Only the argument (ii) is strong
(C) Neither argument (i) nor (ii) is strong
(D) Both the arguments (i) and (ii) are strong
30. Study the argument and the inference drawn from that argument. Given below carefully.
Argument: Anything that goes up definitely falls down. Helicopter goes up. Inference: So the helicopter will definitely fall down.
What in your opinion is the inference drawn from the argument?
(A) Valid
(B) Invalid
(C) Doubtful
(D) Long drawn one
Four students W, X, Y, Z appeared in four papers, I, II, III and IV in a test. Their scores out of 100 are given below.
Students
Papers
I
II
III
IV
W
60
81
45
55
X
59
43
51
A
Y
74
A
71
65
Z
72
76
A
68
Where 'A' stands for absent
Where 'A' stands for absent
Read the above table and answer below mentioned Questions 31 to 35
31. Which candidate has secured between 60-65% marks in aggregate
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
32. Who has obtained the lowest average in aggregate.
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
33. Who has obtained the highest average
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
34. In which paper the lowest marks were obtained by thecandiates
(A) I
(B) II
(C) III
(D) IV
35. Which candidate has secured the highest percentage in the papers appeared
(A) W
(B) X
(C) Y
(D) Z
36. ICT stands for
(A) Information common technology
(B) Information & communication technology
(C) Information and computer technology
(D) Inter connected technology
37. Computer Can
(A) Process both quantitative and qualitative information
(B) Store huge information
(C) Process information and fast accurately
(D) All the above.
38. Satellite Communication works through
(A) Rader
(B) Transponder
(C) Receptor
(D) Transmitter
39. A Computer is that machine which works more like a human brain. This definition of computer is
(A) Correct
(B) Incorrect
(C) Partially correct
(D) None of the above.
40. Information and communication technology includes
(A) E-mail
(B) Internet
(C) Education television
(D) All the above.
41. It is believed that our globe is warming progressively. This global warming will eventually result in.
(A) Increase in availability of usable land.
(B) Uniformity of climate at equator and poles.
(C) Fall in the sea level
(D) melting of polar ice.
42. In which parts of India ground water is affected with arsenic contamination?
(A) Haryana
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Sikkim
(D) West Bengal
43. Sunderban in Hooghly delta is known for
(A) Grasslands
(B) Conifers
(C) Mangroves
(D) Arid forests
44. Sardar Sarover dam is located on the river
(A) Ganga
(B) Godavari
(C) Mahanadi
(D) Narmada
45. Which one of the following trees has medicinal value?
(A) Pine
(B) Teak
(C) Neem
(D) Oak
46. Which one of the following is not considered a part of technical education in India:
(A) Medical
(B) Management
(C) Pharmaceutical
(D) Aeronautical
47. Which of the following is a Central university
(A) Mumbai University
(B) Calcutta University
(C) Delhi University
(D) Madras University
48. Identify the main Principle on which the Parliamentary System Operates
(A) Responsibility of Executive to Legislature
(B) Supremacy of Parliament
(C) Supremacy of Judiciary
(D) Theory of Separation of Power
49. The reservation of seats for women in the Panchayat Raj Institutions is:
(A) 30 % of the total seats
(B) 33 % of the total seate
(C) 33% of the total population
(D) In Proportion to their population
50. Match list I with list II and select the correct answer from the code given below:
LIST ( Institutions)
LIST II( Locations)
1. Indian Veterinary Research Institute
(i) Pune
2. Institute of Armament Technology
(ii) Izat Nagar
3. Indian Institute of Science
(iii) Delhi
4. National Institute for Educational Pannesi
(iv) Bangalore and Administrators
(A) 1(ii), 2(i), 3(iv), 4(iii)
(B) 1(ii), 2(iv), 3(ii), 4(iii)
(C) 1(ii), 2(iii), 3(i), 4(iv)
(D) 1(iv), 2(iii), 3(ii), 4(i)
Source: Sample Paper based on questions provided by UGC Model Paper.
Answer Key:
1.
B
2.
B
3.
B
4.
D
5.
B
6.
B
7.
D
8.
C
9.
A
10.
B
11.
B
12.
B
13.
D
14.
A
15.
B
16.
D
17.
C
18.
C
19.
A
20.
D
21.
A
22.
B
23.
D
24.
A
25.
A
26.
D
27.
C
28.
D
29.
A
30.
D
31.
A
32.
B
33.
A
34.
B
35.
D
36.
B
37.
D
38.
B
39.
A
40.
D
41.
D
42.
D
43.
C
44.
D
45.
C
46.
A
47.
C
48.
A
49.
B
50.
A
1. If the speed of light (3×108 m/s) and the mean radius of the earth (6×103 km) are taken
to be the units of speed and length respectively, then the value of the new unit of
acceleration expressed in m/s2 will be
1. 1.5 × 1010
2. 50
3. 0.02
4. 1.2 × 105
2. The minimum number of multiplications required to evaluate the expression
a + bx + cx2 + dx3 + ex4 is
1. 4
2. 5
3. 3
4. 7
3. Consider the function
f (x)= x (1− x) for 0≤ x≤1
The function
1. attains minima at x = ½ and ¾.
2. is discontinuous in the given interval
3. is negative at a few points in the given interval.
4. has a maximum at x = ½.
4. Which of the following distributions has the smallest variance?
5. One way to determine whether a number (n) is prime or not is to divide it by
numbers less than itself. The number of divisions required is
1. n/2
2. n − 1
3. 2 n
4. less than n
6. The angular velocity vector of the Earth’s rotation points
1. from east to west
2. from west to east
3. from north to south
4. from south to north
7. The top of a mountain is at an elevation of 45° from one bank of a river and at an
elevation of 60° from the other bank. If the river has a width of 1 km, what is the height
[in km] of the mountain?
1. 1
2
2. 3
3. 3
1+ 3
4. 3
3 −1
8. On a cold day, a copper vessel feels colder to touch than a glass bowl. What is the
reason for this?
1. Glass does not cool down as easily as copper does.
2. Glass is a poor conductor of heat compared to copper.
3. The specific heat of glass is higher than that of copper.
4. Glass radiates more heat than copper does.
9. If the distance between two bodies of masses m1 and m2 is doubled, the gravitational
force between them
1. doubles.
2. halves.
3. becomes one-fourth.
4. remains the same.
10. A cricket ball and a football are dropped simultaneously from the top of Qutub Minar.
Which of the following best describes their subsequent behaviour?
1. They touch the ground at the same instant.
2. They touch the ground with the same velocity.
3. The cricket ball reaches before the football.
4. The football reaches before the cricket ball.
11. A mass m (200 g) slides horizontally due to a downward force applied by a 500 g
weight (as shown in figure). The velocity of the mass m (ignoring friction)
12.
1. increases as a function of time with constant acceleration.
2. remains constant.
3. changes with time with increasing acceleration.
4. changes with time with decreasing acceleration.
12. The O–H bonds in water molecule are polar. The molecule is symmetric and the H–O–H
bond angle is approximately 107°. The dipole moment vector of the molecule is
1. zero
2. along the OH bond
3. randomly oriented
4. along the bisector of the H–O–H angle
13. You wish to observe a small organism closely, using a convex lens. If you wish to
avoid distortion of the image, you should keep the object
1. at a distance greater than the focal length
2. less than the focal length
3. at twice the focal length
4. exactly at the focal length
14. A charged particle moving with a constant velocity enters a magnetic field
perpendicular to its velocity. In which direction y an electric field should be applied to
compensate the magnetic force?
1. Along the initial velocity
2. Perpendicular to the initial velocity and parallel to the magnetic field
3. Perpendicular to both, the initial velocity and the magnetic field
4. Along the magnetic field
15. Two pendula of lengths l1 and l2 (= 2l1) have the same period at two different
locations. The accelerations due to gravity at these two locations, g1 and g2, are related
by
1. g1 = g2
2. g1 = 2g2
3. g2 = 2g1
4. g2 = 4g1
16. Water rises naturally out of an artesian well because
1. the water has lots of dissolved gases
2. the water table is at the ground level
3. the water table is below the ground level
4. the water table is above the ground level
17. Although, we know from chemical evidence that life on Earth evolved as early as 3.5
billion years ago, the most ancient available fossils are only 0.54 billion years old. This is
because
1. acidic ocean dissolved all life forms
2. early life forms were soft bodied
3. rocks older than 0.54 billion years do not exist
4. a large asteroid impact destroyed all earlier records
18. During α-decay of a radioactive atom, the mass number reduces by 4 units and the atomic
number decreases by 2 units. How many α-particles will be generated during the decay
of a 238
92U atom to a 206
82 Pb atom.
1. 8
2. 16
3. 10
4. 5
19. Depletion of ozone layer and formation of ozone hole in polar regions is a phenomenon
occurring in the
1. troposphere.
2. mesosphere.
3. stratosphere.
4. thermosphere.
20. Sea levels are predicted to rise in the near future mainly due to
1. sinking of landmass
2. increased rainfall
3. gravitational pull of the moon
4. melting of glaciers.
21. The pH value of distilled water is always below 7. This is because
1. distillation reduces the ionic product of water.
2. during distillation inorganic salts are removed.
3. nitrogen from air gets dissolved in it.
4. CO2 from air dissolves in it.
22. Photosynthesis in water bodies is restricted to a certain depth. This is mainly
because
1. temperature decreases with depth
2. light intensity decreases with depth
3. dissolved CO2 is available only to a certain depth
4. nutrients are available only to a certain depth
23. The velocity of P (pressure) and S (shear) seismic waves depends on the
compressibility, shear modulus and density of the medium. The inner core of the Earth
is inferred to be liquid using seismic wave travel time. This is because
1. the density of the inner core is the highest.
2. the inner core has a very high compressibility.
3. both P and S waves pass through the inner core.
4. the S wave does not pass through the inner core.
24. One of the following chemicals used as food preservative is
1. sodium benzoate
2. sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate
3. ethylene glycol
4. aspartic acid
25. Qualitative analysis of Al3+ in presence of Fe3+ and Cr3+ is based on
1. reducing nature of Fe3+
2. oxidizing nature of Cr3+
3. amphoteric nature of Fe3+
4. amphoteric nature of Al3+ and Cr3+
26. Hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride in presence of aqueous alkali produces t-butyl alcohol.
The rate of hydrolysis depends on
1. concentration of t-butyl chloride
2. concentration of alkali
3. amount of water
4. concentration of both alkali and t-butyl chloride
27. Which one of the following would give natural rubber upon polymerisation?
1. CH3 – CH2 = CH2
H CH3
| |
2 n-propyl– C = C–CH =CH2
CH3 CH3
| |
3. H3C – C = C – CH = CH2
CH3
|
4. CH2 = C – CH = CH2
28. The ionization potential (IP) of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. The estimated second IP of
the helium atom (in eV) is
1. 6.8
2. 27.2
3. 54.4
4. 13.6
29. The following molecule has a non-zero dipole moment
1. CH4
2. CO2
3. NH3
4. BF3
30. The oxidation number of Cr in CrO5 is
1. + 6
2. + 3
3. + 10
4. + 5
31.
A B (salt)
Na + H2
(alcohol)
B MeI C (ether)
C Conc. HI MeI
A NaOH/I2 iodoform
heat
The alcohol (A), salt (B) and ether (C), are respectively
1. CH3OH, CH3ONa, CH3-O-CH3
2. CH3OH, C2H5ONa, CH3-O-C2H5
3. C2H5OH, C2H5ONa, C2H5-O-C2H5
4. C2H5OH, C2H5ONa, CH3–O-C2H5
32. In any ecosystem, the primary producers such as photosynthetic plants are the most
abundant and predators such as tigers are the least abundant. The fundamental law
responsible for this pattern is
1. first law of thermodynamics
2. second law of thermodynamics
3. Mendel's laws of genetics
4. law of conservation of mass
33. In the Siberian forests, carbon fixation is expected to be maximum in
1. January
2. July
3. October
4. April
34. Movement of water in a tree takes place in
1. roots only
2. in the central part of the stem
3. in the peripheral part of the stem
4. leaves only
35. Which of the following is not used as a fertilizer?
1. Ammonium nitrate
2. Ammonium phosphate
3. Urea
4. Sodium chloride
36. In DNA, Adenosine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. If Adenosine
constitutes 18% and Guanine constitutes 24% of all nucleotides in a DNA preparation, it
must be a
1. single stranded DNA
2. double stranded DNA
3. very short stretch of double stranded DNA
4. multi-chromosomal DNA
37. A bacterium which is 1 μ in diameter and divides every 20 minutes, forms a 1 mm
diameter colony in 24 hours in a growth medium with limited nutrients. The number of
cells in the colony is approximately
1. 1000
2 . 109
3. 2 × 72
4. 272
38. Burns caused by steam are more serious than burns caused by boiling water because
1. steam has large latent heat
2. steam has a very large specific heat compared to water
3. steam is hotter than boiling water
4. steam being a gas makes easy contact with skin
39. The largest decimal number that a four byte integer can represent is approximately
1. 105
2. 107
3. 109
4. 1011
40. A modern personal computer is capable of multiplying two numbers in a few
1. picoseconds
2. nanoseconds
3. microseconds
4. milliseconds
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